Keeping up with the Wangs: individual and contextual influences on mental wellbeing and depressive symptoms in China.
Keeping up with the Wangs: individual and contextual influences on mental wellbeing and depressive symptoms in China.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-022-12869-8
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发表时间：
2022-03-29
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Ren Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang RAH;Haworth CMA;Ren Q
近几十年来，中国的社会和经济环境发生了巨大变化，这影响了公民的福利分配。虽然有几项研究调查了中国人群幸福感的个人水平预测因素，但对背景效应的研究较少。这项横断面研究着眼于（地区）教育，失业和婚姻（率）对个人幸福感，生活满意度和抑郁症的个人和背景影响。数据来自中国家庭追踪研究中的29，000多人（18至110岁，51.91%为女性），并与2010年中国人口普查和统计年鉴中的县级人口普查数据合并。为了探索上下文效应，我们使用多层次模型来解释数据的分层结构。我们发现，一年的教育增加与幸福感增加0.17%和抑郁症状减少0.16%相关。失业男性的幸福感和对生活的满意度分别比有工作的男性低1%和1%，抑郁症状比有工作的男性多0.84%，而对女性的影响最小。单身、离婚和丧偶的人比已婚的人有更差的结果（从2.96%到21%的差异）。我们发现了教育和就业的交互作用。与受教育程度较低的县相比，受教育程度较低的人在平均教育程度较高的县有更大的幸福感和更少的抑郁症状。相比之下，教育程度较高的人对教育程度较高的县的生活不太满意，这种影响可能是由于社会比较。在失业率高的地区，就业者的生活满意度较低，而失业者的生活满意度则保持不变。县结婚率增加1%，幸福感和生活满意度分别增加0.33%和0.24%，没有相互作用。我们推测，这种影响可能是由于附近地区更大的社会凝聚力。我们的研究结果表明，旨在提高就业率和结婚率的政策将有利于所有人，而鼓励积极的社会比较策略的干预措施可能有助于抵消增加社区平均教育对受过高等教育的人的负面影响。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12889-022-12869-8获得。
In recent decades, China has experienced dramatic changes to its social and economic environment, which has affected the distribution of wellbeing across its citizens. While several studies have investigated individual level predictors of wellbeing in the Chinese population, less research has been done looking at contextual effects. This cross-sectional study looks at the individual and contextual effects of (regional) education, unemployment and marriage (rate) on individual happiness, life satisfaction and depressive symptomatology. Data were collected from over 29,000 individuals (aged 18 to 110, 51.91% female) in the China Family Panel Studies, and merged with county level census data obtained from the 2010 China Population Census and Statistical Yearbook. To explore contextual effects, we used multilevel models accounting for the hierarchical structure of the data. We found that a one-year increase in education was associated with a 0.17% increase in happiness and a 0.16% decrease in depressive symptoms. Unemployed men were 1% less happy, 1% less satisfied with life and reported 0.84% more depressive symptoms than employed men while minimal effects were seen for women. Single, divorced and widowed individuals had worse outcomes than married individuals (ranging from 2.96 to 21% differences). We found interaction effects for education and employment. Less educated individuals had greater happiness and less depressive symptoms in counties with higher average education compared to counterparts in less educated counties. In contrast, more educated individuals were less satisfied with life in more educated counties, an effect that is possibly due to social comparison. Employed individuals had lower life satisfaction in areas of high unemployment, while levels were constant for the unemployed. A 1% increase in county marriage rate was associated with 0.33 and 0.24% increases in happiness and life satisfaction respectively, with no interactions. We speculate that this effect could be due to greater social cohesion in the neighbourhood. Our results show that policies designed to improve employment and marriage rates will be beneficial for all, while interventions to encourage positive social comparison strategies may help to offset the negative effects of increasing neighbourhood average education on the highly educated. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12869-8.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.028
发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
Social science & medicine (1982)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gero K;Kondo K;Kondo N;Shirai K;Kawachi I
通讯作者：
Kawachi I
影响因子：
64.3
作者：
Cheng, Hui G.;Shidhaye, Rahul;Whiteford, Harvey
通讯作者：
Whiteford, Harvey
影响因子：
6.8
作者：
Asadullah, M. Niaz;Xiao, Saizi;Yeoh, Emile
通讯作者：
Yeoh, Emile
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Clark, AE
通讯作者：
Clark, AE
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Dunn, Erin C.;Richmond, Tracy K.;Subramanian, S. V.
通讯作者：
Subramanian, S. V.