Social and Psychological Bases of Homogamy for Common Psychiatric Disorders.
Social and Psychological Bases of Homogamy for Common Psychiatric Disorders.
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常见精神疾病同质性的社会和心理基础。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. McLeod
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. McLeod
社会学家和心理学家长期以来一直对社会和心理特征选型交配的起源感兴趣。社会学家关注社会结构对婚姻伴侣选择的影响。地理邻近性、种族、年龄和社会阶层都已被证明会影响潜在伴侣的相对吸引力，并限制人们选择伴侣的“合格领域”（例如，Burgess & Wallin，1943；Hollingshead，1950）。相比之下，心理学家关注的是基于心理特征的吸引力，例如个性（例如，Buss，1984；Pond，Ryle，＆Hamilton，1963）和精神疾病（例如，Dunner，Fleiss，Addonizio，＆Fieve，1976；Gershon，Dunner，Sturt，＆Goodwin，1973；Gregory，1959；Jacob＆布雷默，1986；克赖特曼，1962；梅里坎加斯，1982；尼尔森，1964）。这两种文献都是独立发展的，相互之间很少有交流。本文评估了社会经历对同婚对焦虑症、重度抑郁症以及酒精或药物依赖的影响。早期关于同婚对精神疾病的研究承认共同生活经历等社会因素的潜在影响，但几乎没有提供证实或否定这种影响的经验证据（例如，Gregory，1959；Kreitman，1962）。最近的研究已经从社会解释转向几乎完全依赖于人际吸引力理论的解释（例如，Dunner 等人，1976 年；Merikangas，1982 年）。鉴于有明确的证据表明社会和心理经历是相关的（例如，House，1981），对精神同质性的分析将受益于对社会经历的明确考虑。我估计了这些疾病内部和之间的同质性水平，并评估了对观察到的同质性的五种流行解释：初级选型交配、次级选型交配、由于共同经历而产生的相似性、通过互动增加相似性以及对伴侣疾病压力的反应。这些选择在不同程度上将社会和心理经历联系起来，因为它们影响配偶之间的精神相似性。先前的研究同质性似乎是抑郁症、酗酒和恐惧症的规则，就像它是主要社会特征的规则一样（参见 Merikangas，1982，综述）。然而，尽管相关研究已经进行了数十年，但即使是这个基本结论也可能受到质疑。几乎所有现有的精神同质性研究都使用临床样本，这意味着同质性的估计水平可能无法推广到未经治疗的人群。如果患有精神疾病的配偶促进彼此接受治疗，那么临床样本中的同质性水平可能高于社区样本（Gregory，1959；Kreitman，1968）。或者，如果同性伴侣的成员恢复得更快，那么临床样本中的同质性水平可能会较低，这可能是因为他们共同的经历产生了相互的同情和支持（McLeod，1994）。无论发生哪种类型的偏差，如果寻求治疗和康复受到患有精神疾病的配偶的影响，则临床样本中的同质性水平可能不准确。因此，该分析的第一个目标是估计社区已婚夫妇样本中常见精神疾病的同质性水平。假设精神疾病存在同质性，接下来的问题涉及同质性的起源。人们提出了两类主要的解释：选型交配和婚后经历。在每一类广泛的解释中，都存在几种变体。选型交配解释侧重于婚姻伴侣的非随机选择。可能会发生两种类型的选型交配。第一种是初级选型交配，被定义为根据兴趣特征非随机选择婚姻伴侣。 ……
Sociologists and psychologists have long been interested in the origins of assortative mating for social and psychological characteristics. Sociologists have focused on the influence of social structure on the choice of a marital partner. Geographic propinquity, race, age, and social class have all been shown to affect the relative attractiveness of potential partners and to constrain the "field of eligibles" from which persons select partners (e.g., Burgess & Wallin, 1943; Hollingshead, 1950). In contrast, psychologists have focused on attraction based on psychological characteristics such as personality (e.g., Buss, 1984; Pond, Ryle, & Hamilton, 1963) and psychiatric disorders (e.g., Dunner, Fleiss, Addonizio, & Fieve, 1976; Gershon, Dunner, Sturt, & Goodwin, 1973; Gregory, 1959; Jacob & Bremer, 1986; Kreitman, 1962; Merikangas, 1982; Nielsen, 1964). These two literatures have developed independently with little communication occurring between them. This article evaluates the contribution of social experiences to homogamy for anxiety disorders, major depression, and alcohol or drug dependence. Early studies of homogamy for psychiatric disorders acknowledged the potential influence of social factors like shared life experiences but provided little empirical evidence with which to confirm or disconfirm that influence (e.g., Gregory, 1959; Kreitman, 1962). More recent studies have moved away from social explanations to propose explanations that rely almost exclusively on theories of interpersonal attraction (e.g., Dunner et al., 1976; Merikangas, 1982). Given clear evidence that social and psychological experiences are related (e.g., House, 1981), analyses of psychiatric homogamy would benefit from an explicit consideration of social experiences. I estimate the level of homogamy within and across these disorders, and evaluate five prevailing explanations for the observed homogamy: primary assortative mating, secondary assortative mating, similarity due to shared experiences, increasing similarity through interaction, and responses to the stress of a partner's disorder. To varying degrees, these alternatives link social and psychological experiences as they influence psychiatric similarity between spouses. PREVIOUS RESEARCH Homogamy appears to be the rule for depressive disorders, alcoholism, and phobic disorders, as it is for major social characteristics (see Merikangas, 1982, for a review). Despite decades of relevant research, however, even that basic conclusion can be questioned. Almost all existing studies of psychiatric homogamy used clinical samples, which means that estimated levels of homogamy may not generalize to the untreated population. Levels of homogamy may be higher in clinical samples than in community samples if psychiatrically ill spouses facilitate each other's entry into treatment (Gregory, 1959; Kreitman, 1968). Alternatively, levels of homogamy may be lower in clinical samples if members of homogamous couples recover more quickly, perhaps because their shared experiences create mutual empathy and support (McLeod, 1994). Regardless of which type of bias occurs, if treatment seeking and recovery are influenced by the presence of a psychiatrically ill spouse, levels of homogamy from clinical samples may be inaccurate. Thus, the first goal of this analysis is to estimate the level of homogamy for common psychiatric disorders in a community sample of married couples. Assuming that homogamy exists for psychiatric disorders, the question that follows concerns the origin of that homogamy. Two main classes of explanations have been proposed: assortative mating and experiences subsequent to the marriage. Within each broad class of explanation, several variants exist. Assortative mating explanations focus on nonrandom selection of marital partners. Two types of assortative mating may occur. The first, primary assortative mating, is defined as nonrandom selection of marital partners based on the trait of interest. …
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影响因子：
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作者：
Merikangas,KR
通讯作者：
Merikangas,KR
抑郁症患者的离婚和选型交配。
DOI：
10.1176/ajp.141.1.74
发表时间：
1984
期刊：
The American journal of psychiatry
影响因子：
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作者：
Merikangas,KR
通讯作者：
Merikangas,KR
抑郁症和酗酒的家族传播。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Merikangas,KR;Leckman,JF;Prusoff,BA;Pauls,DL;Weissman,MM
通讯作者：
Weissman,MM
焦虑症和婚姻质量。
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
McLeod,JD
通讯作者：
McLeod,JD
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
COYNE, JC;KESSLER, RC;GREDEN, JF
通讯作者：
GREDEN, JF