A Dime a Day: The Possibilities and Limits of Private Schooling in Pakistan
A Dime a Day: The Possibilities and Limits of Private Schooling in Pakistan
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一天一毛钱：巴基斯坦私立学校的可能性和局限性
DOI：
10.1086/588796
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
A. Khwaja
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Andrabi;Jishnu Das;A. Khwaja
本文件审视了巴基斯坦的私立学校教育部门，该国在实现千年发展目标方面严重落后于时间表。作者使用新的数据记录了巴基斯坦私营部门的显著崛起，并表明越来越多的私立学校入学儿童来自农村地区、中产阶级和贫困家庭。他们崛起的关键因素是他们的低收费--巴基斯坦农村私立学校的平均收费每天不到一角钱（6卢比）。他们主要雇用当地的、受过中等教育的女性教师，这些教师在村外的替代机会有限。以低成本雇用这些教师可以通过低费用将节省下来的费用转嫁给家长。这一机制-需要雇用具有一定人口特征的教师，以便最大限度地降低工资成本-确定了私立学校的可能性：在私立学校出现的地方，学费很低。它也定义了它们的极限。私立学校在横向上受到限制，因为它们出现在农村，那里有一批受过中等教育的妇女。它们也受到纵向限制，因为它们不可能满足农村地区中学的需要，至少在具备所需技能和教育水平的潜在教师供应增加之前是这样。
This paper looks at the private schooling sector in Pakistan, a country that is seriously behind schedule in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Using new data, the authors document the phenomenal rise of the private sector in Pakistan and show that an increasing segment of children enrolled in private schools are from rural areas and from middle-class and poorer families. The key element in their rise is their low fees - the average fee of a rural private school in Pakistan is less than a dime a day (Rs.6). They hire predominantly local, female, and moderately educated teachers who have limited alternative opportunities outside the village. Hiring these teachers at low cost allows the savings to be passed on to parents through low fees. This mechanism - the need to hire teachers with a certain demographic profile so that salary costs are minimized - defines the possibility of private schools: where they arise, fees are low. It also defines their limits. Private schools are horizontally constrained in that they arise in villages where there is a pool of secondary educated women. They are also vertically constrained in that they are unlikely to cater to the secondary levels in rural areas, at least until there is an increase in the supply of potential teachers with the required skills and educational levels.
影响因子：
8.4
作者：
Banerjee, A;Duflo, E
通讯作者：
Duflo, E