Centromere structure and function: lessons from Drosophila.

Centromere structure and function: lessons from Drosophila.
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着丝粒的结构和功能:果蝇的经验教训。

DOI:
10.1093/genetics/iyad170
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发表时间:
2023-12-06
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Heun, Patrick
Heun, Patrick
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kyriacou, Eftychia;Heun, Patrick

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果蝇黑腹果蝇是一种强大的模式生物,可以促进我们对生物过程的理解,不仅可以研究它与包括我们自己在内的其他生物的相似之处,还可以研究它的差异,以揭示为实现共同目标而进化的潜在策略。对于着丝粒来说尤其如此,着丝粒是存在于所有真核生物染色体上的特殊基因组区域,其功能是作为着丝粒组装的平台。这些多蛋白结构在细胞分裂过程中发挥重要作用,在有丝分裂和减数分裂中将染色体连接到纺锤体微管,介导准确的染色体分离。在这里,我们将从历史的角度来研究苍蝇着丝粒,旨在强调不仅重要的相似之处,而且还发现了有助于推进着丝粒生物学的差异。我们将讨论目前关于苍蝇着丝粒的序列和染色质组织的知识以及鉴定着丝粒蛋白的进展。然后,我们将描述着丝粒组织中涉及的因素和过程,以及它们如何协同工作以提供着丝粒位点的表观遗传身份。最后,我们将从着丝粒的进化观点出发,并简要讨论目前对着丝粒驱动的看法。
The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serves as a powerful model organism for advancing our understanding of biological processes, not just by studying its similarities with other organisms including ourselves but also by investigating its differences to unravel the underlying strategies that evolved to achieve a common goal. This is particularly true for centromeres, specialized genomic regions present on all eukaryotic chromosomes that function as the platform for the assembly of kinetochores. These multiprotein structures play an essential role during cell division by connecting chromosomes to spindle microtubules in mitosis and meiosis to mediate accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we will take a historical perspective on the study of fly centromeres, aiming to highlight not only the important similarities but also the differences identified that contributed to advancing centromere biology. We will discuss the current knowledge on the sequence and chromatin organization of fly centromeres together with advances for identification of centromeric proteins. Then, we will describe both the factors and processes involved in centromere organization and how they work together to provide an epigenetic identity to the centromeric locus. Lastly, we will take an evolutionary point of view of centromeres and briefly discuss current views on centromere drive.
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