Sulfur isotopes of hydrothermal vent fossils and insights into microbial sulfur cycling within a lower Paleozoic (Ordovician-early Silurian) vent community.
Sulfur isotopes of hydrothermal vent fossils and insights into microbial sulfur cycling within a lower Paleozoic (Ordovician-early Silurian) vent community.
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热液喷口化石硫同位素及下古生界（奥陶—早志留世）喷口群落微生物硫循环研究
作者：
后生动物和参与硫循环的微生物之间的共生关系是动物在深海热液喷口环境中茁壮成长的能力不可或缺的一部分;这种相互作用的发展被认为是使动物能够成功定居喷口的关键适应。微生物经常寄居在喷口动物的表面，值得注意的是，这些共生体也可以在喷口环境的化石记录中观察到复杂的黄铁矿保存，可以追溯到下古生界（奥陶纪-志留纪早期）。在非喷口环境中，硫同位素通常用于研究现代和化石生物的代谢策略，因为微生物的某些代谢途径，特别是硫酸盐还原，可以产生大量的硫同位素分馏。然而，喷流化石的硫同位素，无论是古代的还是最近矿化的，都很少被探索，并且不知道黄铁矿保存的喷流生物是否也可能保存其代谢的潜在特征。在这里，我们使用高分辨率二次离子质谱（西姆斯）来研究最近矿化的黄铁矿和奥陶纪-早志留世管虫化石以及相关的微生物化石的硫同位素。我们的研究结果表明，与附近的非含硫黄铁矿相比，含有微生物化石的黄铁矿始终具有更负的δ 34 S值，因此代表了第一个迹象，即在黄铁矿形成时活跃的微生物硫循环群落的存在影响了热液喷口黄铁矿的硫同位素特征。所观察到的δ 34 S贫化幅度一般很小，也许最好的解释是喷口微生物进行的硫循环过程组合产生的硫同位素分馏。这些结果突出了使用硫同位素探索化石喷口群落内生物功能关系的潜力，并增强了对微生物和动物生命如何共同进化以在整个地质时期定居喷口的理解。
Symbioses between metazoans and microbes involved in sulfur cycling are integral to the ability of animals to thrive within deep‐sea hydrothermal vent environments; the development of such interactions is regarded as a key adaptation in enabling animals to successfully colonize vents. Microbes often colonize the surfaces of vent animals and, remarkably, these associations can also be observed intricately preserved by pyrite in the fossil record of vent environments, stretching back to the lower Paleozoic (Ordovician‐early Silurian). In non‐vent environments, sulfur isotopes are often employed to investigate the metabolic strategies of both modern and fossil organisms, as certain metabolic pathways of microbes, notably sulfate reduction, can produce large sulfur isotope fractionations. However, the sulfur isotopes of vent fossils, both ancient and recently mineralized, have seldom been explored, and it is not known if the pyrite‐preserved vent organisms might also preserve potential signatures of their metabolisms. Here, we use high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to investigate the sulfur isotopes of pyrites from recently mineralized and Ordovician‐early Silurian tubeworm fossils with associated microbial fossils. Our results demonstrate that pyrites containing microbial fossils consistently have significantly more negative δ34S values compared with nearby non‐fossiliferous pyrites, and thus represent the first indication that the presence of microbial sulfur‐cycling communities active at the time of pyrite formation influenced the sulfur isotope signatures of pyrite at hydrothermal vents. The observed depletions in δ34S are generally small in magnitude and are perhaps best explained by sulfur isotope fractionation through a combination of sulfur‐cycling processes carried out by vent microbes. These results highlight the potential for using sulfur isotopes to explore biological functional relationships within fossil vent communities, and to enhance understanding of how microbial and animal life has co‐evolved to colonize vents throughout geological time.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0485.2007.00151.x
发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Chao, Leslie S. -L.;Davis, Richard E.;Moyer, Craig L.
通讯作者：
Moyer, Craig L.
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Findlay, Alyssa J.;Estes, Emily R.;Luther, George W., III
通讯作者：
Luther, George W., III
影响因子：
5
作者：
Ding, T;Valkiers, S;Krouse, R
通讯作者：
Krouse, R
影响因子：
5
作者：
Balci, Nurgul;Shanks, Wayne C., III;Mandernack, Kevin W.
通讯作者：
Mandernack, Kevin W.
DOI：
10.2113/98.3.649
发表时间：
2003-05-01
期刊：
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY AND THE BULLETIN OF THE SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Boyce, AJ;Little, CTS;Russell, MJ
通讯作者：
Russell, MJ