The ecological consequences of a pandemic.
The ecological consequences of a pandemic.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2020.0641
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Weinstein SB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buck JC;Weinstein SB
2019冠状病毒病大流行深刻改变了人类行为，令一些人质疑相关的经济及社会影响是否可能超过疾病影响。这符合一个新兴的生态学范式，表明对于捕食者-猎物和寄生虫-宿主的相互作用，非消耗性效应（回避）可以比消耗性效应（疾病和死亡）强几个数量级。正如避免捕食者和寄生虫给猎物和宿主带来巨大成本一样，改变行为以减少COVID-19的传播也影响了人类的健康和福祉。但避免传染病的影响并不止于此;捕食者和寄生虫的非消耗性影响往往会引发自然系统中的级联间接影响。同样，COVID-19导致的人类行为转变对物种和环境产生了无数间接影响，这些影响可能是积极的，消极的或中性的。我们敦促研究人员认识到，与封锁相关的环境影响是病毒的间接影响。简而言之，全球对COVID-19的反应表明，病原体的非消耗性影响以及由此产生的间接影响可能是深远的。
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered human behaviour in profound ways, prompting some to question whether the associated economic and social impacts might outweigh disease impacts. This fits into a burgeoning ecological paradigm suggesting that for both predator–prey and parasite–host interactions, non-consumptive effects (avoidance) can be orders of magnitude stronger than consumptive effects (sickness and death). Just as avoidance of predators and parasites imposes substantial costs on prey and hosts, altered behaviour to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 has impacted human fitness and wellbeing. But the effects of infectious disease avoidance do not stop there; non-consumptive effects of predators and parasites often trigger cascading indirect effects in natural systems. Similarly, shifts in human behaviour due to COVID-19 have triggered myriad indirect effects on species and the environment, which can be positive, negative or neutral. We urge researchers to recognize that the environmental impacts associated with lockdowns are indirect effects of the virus. In short, the global response to COVID-19 suggests that the non-consumptive effects of a pathogen, and resulting indirect effects, can be profound.
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