p53 responsive elements in human retrotransposons.

p53 responsive elements in human retrotransposons.
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DOI:
10.1038/onc.2009.246
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发表时间:
2009-11-05
期刊:
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Hoh, J.
Hoh, J.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harris, C. R.;DeWan, A.;Zupnick, A.;Normart, R.;Gabriel, A.;Prives, C.;Levine, A. J.;Hoh, J.

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长散布核元件-1(L1)是能够通过反转录转座改变人类基因组的高度重复的DNA元件。为了防止L1逆转,细胞通过各种机制下调L1蛋白的表达,包括L1启动子的高密度胞嘧啶甲基化和L1 mRNA的DICER依赖性破坏。在这份报告中,大量的p53反应元件,或p53 DNA结合位点,在人类基因组内的L1元件检测。这些p53应答元件中的至少一些是功能性的,并且可以起到增加L1 mRNA表达水平的作用。p53蛋白可以直接结合到L1启动子内的短的15个核苷酸序列。L1中的p53反应元件是最近进化的补充,出现在约2000万年前。这表明L1元件和p53蛋白之间存在相互作用,L1元件具有引起基因组变化的丰富历史,而p53蛋白的功能是防止基因组变化。为了理解这些观察结果,提出了一个模型,其中p53增加L1 mRNA的表达实际上增加了,而不是减少,通过扩增p53依赖的基因组保护过程的基因组稳定性。
Long interspersed nuclear elements-1 (L1s) are highly repetitive DNA elements that are capable of altering the human genome through retrotransposition. To protect against L1 retroposition, the cell downregulates the expression of L1 proteins by various mechanisms, including high-density cytosine methylation of L1 promoters and DICER-dependent destruction of L1 mRNAs. In this report, a large number of p53 responsive elements, or p53 DNA binding sites, were detected in L1 elements within the human genome. At least some of these p53 responsive elements are functional and can act to increase the levels of L1 mRNA expression. The p53 protein can directly bind to a short 15-nucleotide sequence within the L1 promoter. This p53 responsive element within L1 is a recent addition to evolution, appearing ~20 million years ago. This suggests an interplay between L1 elements, which have a rich history of causing changes in the genome, and the p53 protein, the function of which is to protect against genomic changes. To understand these observations, a model is proposed in which the increased expression of L1 mRNAs by p53 actually increases, rather than decreases, the genomic stability through amplification of p53-dependent processes for genomic protection.
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