Exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies: how to unpack a vascular emergency kit.

Exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies: how to unpack a vascular emergency kit.
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DOI:
10.1111/jth.14322
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发表时间:
2019-01
期刊:
Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Bierings R
Bierings R
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schillemans M;Karampini E;Kat M;Bierings R

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血管壁具有许多自愈特性,使其能够最大限度地减少失血并预防或克服血管创伤时的感染。内皮细胞在其独特的分泌细胞器 Weibel-Palade 小体 (WPB) 中预先包装了止血、炎症和血管生成介质的混合物,可以根据需要立即释放。它们的内容物通过一种称为胞吐作用的过程分泌到血管腔中,使内皮细胞能够积极参与止血,并减缓和引导白细胞到达炎症区域。由于其显着的细长形态和分泌内容物,涵盖从小趋化因子一直到超大冯维勒布兰德因子多聚体的整个尺寸范围,WPB 构成了研究分泌细胞器生物发生、胞吐作用和内容物排出的分子机制的理想模型系统。最近的研究表明,在胞吐作用过程中,WPB 可以经历几种不同的融合模式,并且可以利用根本不同的机制来排出其内容物。在本文中,我们讨论了对 WPB 胞吐机制组成的理解的最新进展,以及它如何因其配置而能够支持 WPB 各种形式的释放。
The blood vessel wall has a number of self‐healing properties, enabling it to minimize blood loss and prevent or overcome infections in the event of vascular trauma. Endothelial cells prepackage a cocktail of hemostatic, inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in their unique secretory organelles, the Weibel–Palade bodies (WPBs), which can be immediately released on demand. Secretion of their contents into the vascular lumen through a process called exocytosis enables the endothelium to actively participate in the arrest of bleeding and to slow down and direct leukocytes to areas of inflammation. Owing to their remarkable elongated morphology and their secretory contents, which span the entire size spectrum of small chemokines all the way up to ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers, WPBs constitute an ideal model system for studying the molecular mechanisms of secretory organelle biogenesis, exocytosis, and content expulsion. Recent studies have now shown that, during exocytosis, WPBs can undergo several distinct modes of fusion, and can utilize fundamentally different mechanisms to expel their contents. In this article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the composition of the WPB exocytotic machinery and how, because of its configuration, it is able to support WPB release in its various forms.
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