Moving Beyond Correlations in Assessing the Consequences of Poverty.
Moving Beyond Correlations in Assessing the Consequences of Poverty.
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044224
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发表时间：
2017-01-03
影响因子：
24.8
通讯作者：
Votruba-Drzal E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duncan GJ;Magnuson K;Votruba-Drzal E
在美国，在贫困家庭长大会对孩子的发展产生负面影响吗？数以百计的研究记录了童年时期的家庭收入与童年、青春期和成年期的一系列结果之间的统计关联。其中许多研究利用相关证据得出政策结论，说明家庭收入增加对儿童，特别是收入低于贫困线家庭的儿童的好处。这些结论有道理吗？在回顾了将贫困与儿童不良结局联系起来的可能机制之后，我们总结了收入对儿童影响的证据，特别注意证据的强度和经济剥夺的时间。我们证明，在相关文献中，贫困和儿童的结果之间几乎普遍存在的关联，相比之下，从社会实验和准实验估计的影响更具选择性。特别是，这些更有力的研究将家庭收入的增加与儿童中期的学业成绩提高以及青少年和成年早期的教育成就提高联系起来。在美国，没有实验或准实验证据表明儿童的结果与生命最初几年的经济贫困有关。要了解社会经济影响的性质及其在循证政策建议中的潜在用途，就需要更加重视查明因果影响。
In the United States, does growing up in a poor household cause negative developmental outcomes for children? Hundreds of studies have documented statistical associations between family income in childhood and a host of outcomes in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Many of these studies have used correlational evidence to draw policy conclusions regarding the benefits of added family income for children, in particular children in families with incomes below the poverty line. Are these conclusions warranted? After a review of possible mechanisms linking poverty to negative childhood outcomes, we summarize the evidence for income’s effects on children, paying particular attention to the strength of the evidence and the timing of economic deprivation. We demonstrate that, in contrast to the nearly universal associations between poverty and children’s outcomes in the correlational literature, impacts estimated from social experiments and quasi-experiments are more selective. In particular, these stronger studies have linked increases in family income to increased school achievement in middle childhood and to greater educational attainment in adolescence and early adulthood. There is no experimental or quasi-experimental evidence in the United States that links child outcomes to economic deprivation in the first several years of life. Understanding the nature of socioeconomic influences, as well as their potential use in evidence-based policy recommendations, requires greater attention to identifying causal effects.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
D'Onofrio, Brian M.;Goodnight, Jackson A.;Van Hulle, Carol A.;Rodgers, Joseph Lee;Rathouz, Paul J.;Waldman, Irwin D.;Lahey, Benjamin B.
通讯作者：
Lahey, Benjamin B.
钱真的重要吗？通过随机分配实验的数据，估计家庭收入对幼儿成就的影响。
影响因子：
4
作者：
Duncan, Greg J.;Morris, Pamela A.;Rodrigues, Chris
通讯作者：
Rodrigues, Chris
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Blair C;Granger DA;Willoughby M;Mills-Koonce R;Cox M;Greenberg MT;Kivlighan KT;Fortunato CK;FLP Investigators
通讯作者：
FLP Investigators
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Bjerk, David
通讯作者：
Bjerk, David
影响因子：
8
作者：
Blau, DM
通讯作者：
Blau, DM