Clutch frequency affects the offspring size-number trade-off in lizards.

Clutch frequency affects the offspring size-number trade-off in lizards.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0016585
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发表时间:
2011-01-27
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Ji X
Ji X
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wang Z;Xia Y;Ji X

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蜥蜴的研究表明,后代的大小不能通过操纵离合器的大小在物种与高离合器频率改变。这就提出了一个问题,是否离合器频率有一个关键作用,影响后代的大小数量权衡蜥蜴。为了验证繁殖频率越高的雌性不太可能权衡后代大小和后代数量的假设,我们将卵泡切除技术应用于邯郸(HD)和共和(GH)两个种群的雌性乌鳢(Lacertidae),这两个种群的离合器频率不同。卵泡消融导致GH雌性的卵大小增大,但在HD雌性中没有。生长激素女性从生产大量的较小的鸡蛋在第一离合器切换到一个较小的鸡蛋在第二离合器的数量较少,HD女性表现出类似的模式,鸡蛋大小的季节性变化,但保持离合器大小恒定的前两个离合器之间。因此,卵大小-数量权衡在GH雌性中是明显的,但在HD雌性中不是。由于HD女性(平均值= 3.1窝每年)比GH女性(平均值= 1.6窝每年)更频繁地繁殖,因此我们的数据验证了检验的假设。    我们的数据还提供了一个推论,最大化的母亲健身可以实现在女性转移足够大的,而不是高于通常的,部分可用的能量在一个给定的生殖情节个别后代。
Studies of lizards have shown that offspring size cannot be altered by manipulating clutch size in species with a high clutch frequency. This raises a question of whether clutch frequency has a key role in influencing the offspring size-number trade-off in lizards. To test the hypothesis that females reproducing more frequently are less likely to tradeoff offspring size against offspring number, we applied the follicle ablation technique to female Eremias argus (Lacertidae) from Handan (HD) and Gonghe (GH), the two populations that differ in clutch frequency. Follicle ablation resulted in enlargement of egg size in GH females, but not in HD females. GH females switched from producing a larger number of smaller eggs in the first clutch to a smaller number of larger eggs in the second clutch; HD females showed a similar pattern of seasonal shifts in egg size, but kept clutch size constant between the first two clutches. Thus, the egg size-number trade-off was evident in GH females, but not in HD females. As HD females (mean  = 3.1 clutches per year) reproduce more frequently than do GH females (mean  = 1.6 clutches per year), our data therefore validate the hypothesis tested. Our data also provide an inference that maximization of maternal fitness could be achieved in females by diverting a large enough, rather than a higher-than-usual, fraction of the available energy to individual offspring in a given reproductive episode.
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