Atg4 plays an important role in efficient expansion of autophagic isolation membranes by cleaving lipidated Atg8 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Atg4 plays an important role in efficient expansion of autophagic isolation membranes by cleaving lipidated Atg8 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0181047
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Suzuki K
Suzuki K
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hirata E;Ohya Y;Suzuki K

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自噬是一种细胞内降解系统,在从酵母到哺乳动物细胞的真核生物中高度保守。在酿酒酵母中,大多数 Atg(自噬相关)蛋白(对于自噬体形成至关重要)在诱导自噬时被募集到靠近液泡的限制区域,称为液泡隔离膜接触位点 (VICS)。随后,隔离膜(IM)扩张并隔离细胞质物质,成为封闭的自噬体。在酿酒酵母中,泛素样蛋白 Atg8 在 C 端与磷脂磷脂酰乙醇胺 (PE) 缀合,生成 Atg8-PE。在自噬体形成过程中,Atg8-PE 被 Atg4 裂解,释放脱脂 Atg8 (Atg8G116) 和 PE。尽管 Atg8-PE 的脱脂对于自噬体的形成很重要,但对于 Atg8 靶向 VICS 或随后的 IM 扩展是否需要脱脂反应仍存在争议。我们使用 IM 可视化技术清楚地证明 Atg8-PE 的脱脂对于将 Atg8 靶向 VICS 来说是可有可无的,但对于 IM 扩展是必需的。此外,通过过表达Atg8G116,我们发现Atg4对Atg8-PE的脱脂反应除了提供未脂化的Atg8G116之外,在IM的有效扩增中发挥着重要作用。最后,我们认为 Atg8-PE 脱脂缺陷细胞中的 Atg8 标记结构中存在生物膜,但 atg2Δ 细胞中不存在生物膜。综上所述,Atg2 可能参与生物膜向 VICS 的定位,而 Atg4 则负责 IM 的扩展。
Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system, is highly conserved among eukaryotes from yeast to mammalian cells. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most Atg (autophagy-related) proteins, which are essential for autophagosome formation, are recruited to a restricted region close to the vacuole, termed the vacuole-isolation membrane contact site (VICS), upon induction of autophagy. Subsequently, the isolation membrane (IM) expands and sequesters cytoplasmic materials to become a closed autophagosome. In S. cerevisiae, the ubiquitin-like protein Atg8 is C-terminally conjugated to the phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to generate Atg8-PE. During autophagosome formation, Atg8-PE is cleaved by Atg4 to release delipidated Atg8 (Atg8G116) and PE. Although delipidation of Atg8-PE is important for autophagosome formation, it remains controversial whether the delipidation reaction is required for targeting of Atg8 to the VICS or for subsequent IM expansion. We used an IM visualization technique to clearly demonstrate that delipidation of Atg8-PE is dispensable for targeting of Atg8 to the VICS, but required for IM expansion. Moreover, by overexpressing Atg8G116, we showed that the delipidation reaction of Atg8-PE by Atg4 plays an important role in efficient expansion of the IM other than supplying unlipidated Atg8G116. Finally, we suggested the existence of biological membranes at the Atg8-labeled structures in Atg8-PE delipidation-defective cells, but not at those in atg2Δ cells. Taken together, it is likely that Atg2 is involved in localization of biological membranes to the VICS, where Atg4 is responsible for IM expansion.
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期刊: NATURE
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