Discovery of synthetic lethal and tumor suppressor paralog pairs in the human genome.

Discovery of synthetic lethal and tumor suppressor paralog pairs in the human genome.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109597
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发表时间:
2021-08-31
期刊:
影响因子:
8.8
通讯作者:
Berger AH
Berger AH
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Parrish PCR;Thomas JD;Gabel AM;Kamlapurkar S;Bradley RK;Berger AH

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CRISPR screens have accelerated the discovery of important cancer vulnerabilities. However, single-gene knockout phenotypes can be masked by redundancy among related genes. Paralogs constitute two-thirds of the human protein-coding genome, so existing methods are likely inadequate for assaying a large portion of gene function. Here, we develop paired guide RNAs for paralog genetic interaction mapping (pgPEN), a pooled CRISPR-Cas9 single- and double-knockout approach targeting more than 2,000 human paralogs. We apply pgPEN to two cell types and discover that 12% of human paralogs exhibit synthetic lethality in at least one context. We recover known synthetic lethal paralogs MEK1/MEK2, important drug targets CDK4/CDK6, and other synthetic lethal pairs including CCNL1/CCNL2. Additionally, we identify ten tumor suppressor paralog pairs whose compound loss promotes cell proliferation. These findings nominate drug targets and suggest that paralog genetic interactions could shape the landscape of positive and negative selection in cancer. Parrish et al. present pgPEN, a method for identifying paralog genetic interactions, and find that human duplicate genes are enriched for functional redundancy and essentiality. These findings provide a framework for identifying synthetic lethal gene pairs and nominate cancer drug targets.
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