The value of information gathering in phage-bacteria warfare.
The value of information gathering in phage-bacteria warfare.
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DOI：
10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad431
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发表时间：
2024-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Meir, Yigal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dahan, Yuval;Wingreen, Ned S.;Meir, Yigal
噬菌体--感染细菌的病毒--经过数十亿年的进化，克服了细菌的防御。温和型噬菌体感染后，可以在两种途径中进行“选择”：裂解--在裂解过程中噬菌体产生多个新的噬菌体颗粒，然后通过细胞裂解释放；以及溶源--将噬菌体的遗传物质添加到细菌DNA中，并传递给细菌的后代。最近发现，一些噬菌体可以从环境中读取与细菌密度或附近感染尝试次数有关的信息。这些信息可能会帮助噬菌体在这两条途径之间做出正确的选择。在这里，我们建立了一个理论模型，允许感染噬菌体根据外界信号改变其策略(即裂解与裂解的比率)，并找到最大化噬菌体增殖的最优策略。虽然利用额外信息的噬菌体自然会在与具有固定策略的噬菌体的竞争中获胜，但信息可能会付出代价，例如，必要的额外基因可能会影响溶原体的生长速度或新噬菌体在裂解途径中的爆发大小。令人惊讶的是，即使噬菌体为信息付出了巨大的代价，它们仍然可以保持比缺乏这些信息的噬菌体更大的优势，这表明在噬菌体-细菌战中收集情报是有很大好处的。
Phages—viruses that infect bacteria—have evolved over billions of years to overcome bacterial defenses. Temperate phage, upon infection, can “choose” between two pathways: lysis—in which the phage create multiple new phage particles, which are then liberated by cell lysis, and lysogeny—where the phage’s genetic material is added to the bacterial DNA and transmitted to the bacterial progeny. It was recently discovered that some phages can read information from the environment related to the density of bacteria or the number of nearby infection attempts. Such information may help phage make the right choice between the two pathways. Here, we develop a theoretical model that allows an infecting phage to change its strategy (i.e. the ratio of lysis to lysogeny) depending on an outside signal, and we find the optimal strategy that maximizes phage proliferation. While phages that exploit extra information naturally win in competition against phages with a fixed strategy, there may be costs to information, e.g. as the necessary extra genes may affect the growth rate of a lysogen or the burst size of new phage for the lysis pathway. Surprisingly, even when phages pay a large price for information, they can still maintain an advantage over phages that lack this information, indicating the high benefit of intelligence gathering in phage–bacteria warfare.
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