Insights into RNA synthesis, capping, and proofreading mechanisms of SARS-coronavirus.

Insights into RNA synthesis, capping, and proofreading mechanisms of SARS-coronavirus.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2014.10.008
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发表时间:
2014-12-19
期刊:
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Imbert I
Imbert I
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sevajol M;Subissi L;Decroly E;Canard B;Imbert I

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This review summarizes coronavirus RNA biochemistry mechanisms. A processivity factor for the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. RNA proofreading through a viral 3′–5′ exonuclease. Viral capping regulator factors. The successive emergence of highly pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 has stimulated a number of studies on the molecular biology. This research has provided significant new insight into functions and activities of the replication/transcription multi-protein complex. The latter directs both continuous and discontinuous RNA synthesis to replicate and transcribe the large coronavirus genome made of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA of ∼30 kb. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of SARS-CoV enzymes involved in RNA biochemistry, such as the in vitro characterization of a highly active and processive RNA polymerase complex which can associate with methyltransferase and 3′–5′ exoribonuclease activities involved in RNA capping, and RNA proofreading, respectively. The recent discoveries reveal fascinating RNA-synthesizing machinery, highlighting the unique position of coronaviruses in the RNA virus world.
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