Analysis of the Microgravity Research Ecosystem and Market Drivers of Accessibility

Analysis of the Microgravity Research Ecosystem and Market Drivers of Accessibility
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微重力研究生态系统和可访问性市场驱动因素分析

DOI:
10.1089/space.2020.0044
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
0.7
通讯作者:
Wood, Danielle
Wood, Danielle
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Joseph, Christine;Wood, Danielle

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几十年来,国际空间站(ISS)一直作为国际合作的堡垒和微重力研究的独特试验台运行。近年来,私营企业也一直与美国宇航局和国际合作伙伴合作,以满足运输、物流管理和有效载荷的需求。随着将项目运送到国际空间站的成本降低,限制非传统合作伙伴进入国际空间站的障碍也减少了。然而,国际空间站目前的形式无法永远维持下去。随着美国宇航局 (NASA) 寻求低地球轨道 (LEO) 的商业化和地月空间站的开发,改变国际空间站公私关系的具体计划尚不清楚。由于政府和私营企业始终需要继续进行微重力研究,因此了解影响未来微重力平台生态系统的社会技术和政策问题对于维持可访问和可持续的太空经济至关重要。通过这项工作,作者试图评估不断发展的微重力研究生态系统的可及性。为了衡量可达性,作者提出了一个新的框架,其中按照经济和行政开放的新指标来定义可达性。通过案例研究,作者采访了行业专家和组织代表,并审查了有关从地面到近地轨道的微重力研究平台的公开数据。然后,本文利用系统架构方法来研究当前和未来国际空间站和微重力研究平台的利益相关者、需求、目标、系统功能和形式。特别关注影响新兴航天国家和非传统航天参与者进入壁垒的市场动态。评估发现,最终用户利用各种完全公共、混合公共/私人和完全私人途径来访问微重力研究平台,并且混合公共/私人途径促进了最高水平的经济和行政开放。
For decades, the International Space Station (ISS) has operated as a bastion of international cooperation and a unique testbed for microgravity research. In recent years, private industry has also been affiliating with NASA and international partners to offer transportation, logistics management, and payload demands. As the costs of flying projects to the ISS decrease, the barriers limiting nontraditional partners from accessing the ISS also decrease. However, the ISS in its current form cannot be sustained forever. As NASA looks toward commercialization of low Earth orbit (LEO) and the development of a cislunar station, concrete plans for shifting the public–private relationship of the ISS are unclear. With the consistent need to continue microgravity research—from governments and private industry—understanding the socio-technical and policy issues that affect the ecosystem for future microgravity platforms is essential to maintaining an accessible and sustainable space economy. Through this work, the authors seek to evaluate the accessibility of the evolving microgravity research ecosystem. To measure accessibility, the authors propose a new framework in which accessibility is defined along new metrics of economic and administrative openness. Through case study research, the authors conducted interviews with industry experts and organizational representatives and reviewed publicly available data about microgravity research platforms from the ground to LEO. This article then leverages Systems Architecture methods to examine the stakeholders, needs, objectives, system functions, and forms for the ISS and microgravity research platforms now and in the future. Particular attention is paid toward the market dynamics affecting barriers to entry for emerging space nations and nontraditional spaceflight participants. Evaluations found that end users utilize a variety of fully public, mixed public/private, and fully private pathways to gain access to microgravity research platforms and that mixed public/private pathways fostered the highest levels of economic and administrative openness.
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