Aging in an Era of Fake News.

Aging in an Era of Fake News.
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DOI:
10.1177/0963721420915872
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发表时间:
2020-06
影响因子:
7.2
通讯作者:
Schacter DL
Schacter DL
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brashier NM;Schacter DL

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错误的信息会造成严重的伤害,从对现代医学的怀疑到煽动暴力。老年人尤其容易受到影响-他们在2016年美国大选期间分享了最多的假新闻。对这种模式最直观的解释是认知缺陷。虽然老年人忘记了他们在哪里学到的信息,但流利性仍然完好无损,几十年积累的知识有助于他们评估索赔。因此,认知能力下降不能完全解释老年人对假新闻的参与。成年后期还涉及社会变化,包括普遍信任,难以发现谎言,以及在沟通时不太强调准确性。此外,老年人是社交媒体的相对新手,他们可能很难发现赞助内容或操纵图像。在后真相世界中,干预措施应考虑老年人不断变化的社会目标和数字素养方面的差距。
Misinformation causes serious harm, from sowing doubt in modern medicine to inciting violence. Older adults are especially susceptible – they shared the most fake news during the 2016 US election. The most intuitive explanation for this pattern blames cognitive deficits. While older adults forget where they learned information, fluency remains intact and decades of accumulated knowledge helps them evaluate claims. Thus, cognitive declines cannot fully explain older adults’ engagement with fake news. Late adulthood also involves social changes, including general trust, difficulty detecting lies, and less emphasis on accuracy when communicating. In addition, older adults are relative newcomers to social media, who may struggle to spot sponsored content or manipulated images. In a post-truth world, interventions should consider older adults’ shifting social goals and gaps in their digital literacy.
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