A county‐level estimation of renewable surface water and groundwater availability associated with potential large‐scale bioenergy feedstock production scenarios in the United States
A county‐level estimation of renewable surface water and groundwater availability associated with potential large‐scale bioenergy feedstock production scenarios in the United States
复制标题
对美国潜在大规模生物能源原料生产情景相关的可再生地表水和地下水可用性的县级估计
作者：
Hui Xu;May Wu;M. Ha
本研究考察了美国可用于生物能源原料生产的新鲜可再生水资源。采用径流有效度指数和渗流有效度指数，量化了原料灌溉对非生物能源部门地表水和地下水资源的影响。这两个指标应用于历史（2008年）和2016年美国十亿吨报告中三个可能的未来县级生物质生产情景。从历史和未来两种情景来看，我们发现内布拉斯加州除三个县外，所有县对生物能源原料的消耗性灌溉需求占年流量的比例都<0.01%。结果表明，未来生物质生产的灌溉需求可以通过每年可再生地下水流量来满足，在大约94%的使用地下水灌溉的原料种植县，约占生产吨位的92%。需要用不可再生地下水资源灌溉的县大多位于北部平原和太平洋地区。我们还通过比较六种不同的经验和基于过程的蓝水估算方法，评估了作物水足迹估算对土壤水分携带的敏感性。我们的研究结果表明，考虑季前土壤湿度对代表性蓝水估算至关重要，因此灌溉用水量不会被高估。在玉米带地区尤其如此，在历史情景下，有无季前土壤湿度的蓝水估计约为19亿立方米/年，而455亿立方米/年。在像高平原这样的半干旱地区，这种差异较小，但如果不考虑土壤湿度，蓝水估计仍然可以增加两倍。从可再生地表水和地下水资源的角度来看，在高平原和加利福尼亚扩大原料生产将需要与水管理战略相结合的仔细规划，以改善水资源保护。
This study examines fresh renewable water resources available for bioenergy feedstock production in the United States. The impacts of feedstock irrigation on surface and groundwater resources available to nonbioenergy sectors were quantified using a pair of water availability indexes: streamflow availability index and percolation flow availability index. The two metrics were applied to both historical (2008) and three possible future biomass production scenarios from the 2016 U.S. Billion‐Ton Report at the county level. For both historical and future scenarios, we found that the consumptive irrigation requirements for bioenergy feedstock account for <0.01% of annual streamflow in all but three counties in Nebraska. Results suggest that the irrigation demand of future biomass production could be supplied by annual renewable groundwater flow in about 94% of feedstock‐growing counties that use groundwater for irrigation, representing about 92% of production tonnage. Counties that require irrigation from nonrenewable groundwater resources are mostly located in the Northern Plains and Pacific regions. We also evaluated the sensitivity of crop water footprint estimation to soil moisture carryover by comparing blue water estimates from six different empirical and process‐based methods. Our findings suggest that accounting for preseason soil moisture is critical for representative blue water estimation, so that the irrigation water consumption is not overestimated. This is especially true in the Corn Belt region, where blue water estimates with and without preseason soil moisture would be about 1.9 versus 45.5 billion m3/year under the historical scenario. This difference is smaller in semiarid regions like the High Plains, but the blue water estimate can still triple if soil moisture is not considered. From the perspective of renewable surface water and groundwater resources, scaling feedstock production up in the High Plains and California will require careful planning integrated with water management strategies to improve water resource conservation.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Mark D. Staples;Hakan Olcay;R. Malina;Parthsarathi Trivedi;Matthew N. Pearlson;K. Strzepek;S. Paltsev;Christoph Wollersheim;S. Barrett
通讯作者：
Mark D. Staples;Hakan Olcay;R. Malina;Parthsarathi Trivedi;Matthew N. Pearlson;K. Strzepek;S. Paltsev;Christoph Wollersheim;S. Barrett