Loss of Heterozygosity and Its Importance in Evolution.

Loss of Heterozygosity and Its Importance in Evolution.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00239-022-10088-8
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发表时间:
2023-06
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Heil, Caiti Smukowski
Heil, Caiti Smukowski
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heil, Caiti Smukowski

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杂合性缺失(洛)是一种将杂合基因座转化为纯合基因座的有丝分裂重组事件。这种突变事件广泛存在于芽殖酵母等无性繁殖的生物体中,也是肿瘤发生中重要且频繁的突变事件。突变累积研究表明,洛缺失的发生率高于点突变率,并可影响基因组的大部分。杂合酵母的实验室进化实验已经揭示了洛缺失常常会暴露有益的隐性等位基因,这些隐性等位基因可以赋予大的适应性优势。在这里,我强调在理解优势,健身和表型在实验室进化的杂合酵母菌株的进展。我讨论了在种内和种间进化的克隆和种群中检测洛缺失的最佳方法。在实验室进化实验中利用杂合菌株背景提供了一个机会,以促进我们对这种重要突变类型的理解,在野生,驯化和临床人群中形成适应和基因组进化。
Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a mitotic recombination event that converts heterozygous loci to homozygous loci. This mutation event is widespread in organisms that have asexual reproduction like budding yeasts, and is also an important and frequent mutation event in tumorigenesis. Mutation accumulation studies have demonstrated that LOH occurs at a rate higher than the point mutation rate, and can impact large portions of the genome. Laboratory evolution experiments of heterozygous yeasts have revealed that LOH often unmasks beneficial recessive alleles that can confer large fitness advantages. Here, I highlight advances in understanding dominance, fitness, and phenotypes in laboratory evolved heterozygous yeast strains. I discuss best practices for detecting LOH in intraspecific and interspecific evolved clones and populations. Utilizing heterozygous strain backgrounds in laboratory evolution experiments offers an opportunity to advance our understanding of this important mutation type in shaping adaptation and genome evolution in wild, domesticated, and clinical populations.
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