How the Intricate Interaction among Toll-Like Receptors, Microbiota, and Intestinal Immunity Can Influence Gastrointestinal Pathology.
How the Intricate Interaction among Toll-Like Receptors, Microbiota, and Intestinal Immunity Can Influence Gastrointestinal Pathology.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/489821
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Cianci R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frosali S;Pagliari D;Gambassi G;Landolfi R;Pandolfi F;Cianci R
肠道能够保持对微生物和食物抗原的耐受性。肠道通过共生关系塑造微生物区系，将有害细菌的数量降至最低。在健康的人体肠道中，通过对微生物负荷和产生的免疫反应的完美调节，维持了恒定的动态平衡。这种平衡的失灵可能会导致各种病理情况。天然免疫感受器，如Toll样受体(TLRs)，可能被认为是肠道上皮屏障、微生物区系和免疫系统之间的界面。TLRs途径由病原体激活，参与多种感染性和炎症性疾病的发病机制。肠道菌群中生理细菌和致病细菌之间动态平衡的改变会导致一种称为生物失调的情况。生物失调导致的动态平衡破坏可能增加炎症性肠病的易感性。很明显，环境、遗传和宿主免疫形成了控制TLR功能的高度相互作用的调节三合一。三联体中的不平衡关系可能促进TLR信号的异常，对急性和慢性肠道炎症过程起关键作用，如IBD、结肠炎和结直肠癌。研究免疫系统的不同组成部分和肠道微生物区系之间的相互作用将打开肠道炎症知识的新天地。
The gut is able to maintain tolerance to microbial and food antigens. The intestine minimizes the number of harmful bacteria by shaping the microbiota through a symbiotic relationship. In healthy human intestine, a constant homeostasis is maintained by the perfect regulation of microbial load and the immune response generated against it. Failure of this balance may result in various pathological conditions. Innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), may be considered an interface among intestinal epithelial barrier, microbiota, and immune system. TLRs pathway, activated by pathogens, is involved in the pathogenesis of several infectious and inflammatory diseases. The alteration of the homeostasis between physiologic and pathogenic bacteria of intestinal flora causes a condition called dysbiosis. The breakdown of homeostasis by dysbiosis may increase susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases. It is evident that environment, genetics, and host immunity form a highly interactive regulatory triad that controls TLR function. Imbalanced relationships within this triad may promote aberrant TLR signaling, critically contributing to acute and chronic intestinal inflammatory processes, such as in IBD, colitis, and colorectal cancer. The study of interactions between different components of the immune systems and intestinal microbiota will open new horizons in the knowledge of gut inflammation.
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DOI：
10.1152/ajpgi.00328.2004
发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Fukata, M;Michelsen, KS;Abreu, MT
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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