Organocatalyzed Birch Reduction Driven by Visible Light.

Organocatalyzed Birch Reduction Driven by Visible Light.
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DOI:
10.1021/jacs.0c05899
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发表时间:
2020-08-05
影响因子:
15
通讯作者:
Miyake GM
Miyake GM
中科院分区:
化学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cole JP;Chen DF;Kudisch M;Pearson RM;Lim CH;Miyake GM

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Birch还原是一种强大的合成方法,它使用溶剂化的电子将惰性芳烃转化为1,4-环己二烯--这是构建分子复杂性的有价值的中间体。BIRCH还原传统上使用溶解在氨中的碱金属产生溶剂化电子,用于还原未活化的芳烃,如苯(ERED<−3.42V vs SCe)。光氧化还原催化剂在高度还原的应用中越来越受欢迎,但还没有报道显示出足够强大的还原潜力来还原苯。在这里,我们介绍了苯并[gi]茂亚胺作为新型有机光氧化还原催化剂,用于在室温下执行Birch还原,并由商业上可用的LED的可见光驱动。使用低催化剂负载量(~lt;1mol%),苯和其他官能化芳烃在完全无金属的反应中以中等到较好的产率选择性地转化为1,4-环己二烯。机理研究支持这种前所未有的可见光诱导的反应活性,这是因为有机光氧化还原催化剂能够利用来自两个可见光光子的能量来影响单一的高能化学转化。
The Birch reduction is a powerful synthetic methodology that uses solvated electrons to convert inert arenes to 1,4-cyclohexadienes—valuable intermediates for building molecular complexity. Birch reductions traditionally employ alkali metals dissolved in ammonia to produce a solvated electron for the reduction of unactivated arenes such as benzene (Ered < −3.42 V vs SCE). Photoredox catalysts have been gaining popularity in highly reducing applications, but none have been reported to demonstrate reduction potentials powerful enough to reduce benzene. Here, we introduce benzo[ghi]perylene imides as new organic photoredox catalysts for Birch reductions performed at ambient temperature and driven by visible light from commercially available LEDs. Using low catalyst loadings (<1 mol percent), benzene and other functionalized arenes were selectively transformed to 1,4-cyclohexadienes in moderate to good yields in a completely metal-free reaction. Mechanistic studies support that this unprecedented visible-light-induced reactivity is enabled by the ability of the organic photoredox catalyst to harness the energy from two visible-light photons to affect a single, high-energy chemical transformation.
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期刊: ORGANIC LETTERS
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