Nucleolar stress with and without p53.

Nucleolar stress with and without p53.
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DOI:
10.4161/nucl.32235
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发表时间:
2014-09
期刊:
Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
DiMario P
DiMario P
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
James A;Wang Y;Raje H;Rosby R;DiMario P

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在过去的10年里,主要研究论文的爆炸性增长主要集中在核仁和核糖体应激上,这是有充分理由的:由于核糖体的生物合成消耗了细胞约80%的能量,几乎所有的代谢和信号通路最终都通向或来自核仁。我们首先描述了核仁应激导致细胞周期停滞或凋亡时P53的激活。这一机制的重要性不可低估,因为肿瘤学家现在正在策略性地在癌细胞中诱导核仁压力,作为一种潜在的抗癌治疗方法。我们还总结了人类核糖体疾病,即核糖体生物发生或功能受损导致出生缺陷或骨骼狭窄衰竭的综合征;核糖体疾病中令人困惑的问题是为什么尽管致病突变是系统性的,但只有某些细胞受到影响。然后,我们描述了非p53依赖的核仁应激,首先在缺乏p53的酵母中,然后在其他缺乏MDM2的模型后生动物中,MDM2是通常使p53失活的关键的E3泛素连接酶。这些可能是古老的非p53核仁应激途径在人类细胞中仍然潜伏着吗?如果它们仍然存在,我们可以用它们来瞄准50%缺乏功能性p53的已知人类癌症吗?
A veritable explosion of primary research papers within the past 10 years focuses on nucleolar and ribosomal stress, and for good reason: with ribosome biosynthesis consuming ~80% of a cell’s energy, nearly all metabolic and signaling pathways lead ultimately to or from the nucleolus. We begin by describing p53 activation upon nucleolar stress resulting in cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The significance of this mechanism cannot be understated, as oncologists are now inducing nucleolar stress strategically in cancer cells as a potential anti-cancer therapy. We also summarize the human ribosomopathies, syndromes in which ribosome biogenesis or function are impaired leading to birth defects or bone narrow failures; the perplexing problem in the ribosomopathies is why only certain cells are affected despite the fact that the causative mutation is systemic. We then describe p53-independent nucleolar stress, first in yeast which lacks p53, and then in other model metazoans that lack MDM2, the critical E3 ubiquitin ligase that normally inactivates p53. Do these presumably ancient p53-independent nucleolar stress pathways remain latent in human cells? If they still exist, can we use them to target >50% of known human cancers that lack functional p53?
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