Cryo-EM of human Arp2/3 complexes provides structural insights into actin nucleation modulation by ARPC5 isoforms

Cryo-EM of human Arp2/3 complexes provides structural insights into actin nucleation modulation by ARPC5 isoforms
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人类 Arp2/3 复合物的冷冻电镜为 ARPC5 异构体对肌动蛋白成核的调节提供了结构见解

DOI:
10.1101/2020.05.01.071704
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
--
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Von Loeffelholz O
Von Loeffelholz O
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
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作者:
Von Loeffelholz O

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Arp 2/3复合物通过刺激分支肌动蛋白丝网络的形成来调节许多细胞过程。由于其七个亚基中的三个以两种不同的同种型存在,哺乳动物产生具有不同性质的Arp 2/3复合物家族,这些性质可能适合于不同的生理环境。为了阐明同种型多样化如何影响Arp 2/3功能,我们确定了含有ARPC 1B和ARPC 5L的最活跃的人类Arp 2/3复合物的4.2 μ m分辨率cryo-EM结构,并将其与含有ARPC 1A-ARPC 5的最不活跃的复合物的结构进行了比较。 每个亚型特异性Arp 2/3复合物的结构是相同的。然而,引人注目的是,与ARPC 5相比,ARPC 5L的N-末端的一半是部分无序的,这表明ARPC 5/ARPC 5L的这个区域是复合物活性的重要决定因素。证实了这一想法,当存在ARPC 5L N-末端时,含有杂合ARPC 5/ARPC 5L亚基的Arp 2/3复合物的成核活性更高,从而提供了对不同Arp 2/3复合物之间活性差异的了解。
The Arp2/3 complex regulates many cellular processes by stimulating formation of branched actin filament networks. Because three of its seven subunits exist as two different isoforms, mammals produce a family of Arp2/3 complexes with different properties that may be suited to different physiological contexts. To shed light on how isoform diversification affects Arp2/3 function, we determined a 4.2 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of the most active human Arp2/3 complex containing ARPC1B and ARPC5L, and compared it with the structure of the least active ARPC1A-ARPC5-containing complex. The architecture of each isoform-specific Arp2/3 complex is the same. Strikingly, however, the N-terminal half of ARPC5L is partially disordered compared to ARPC5, suggesting that this region of ARPC5/ARPC5L is an important determinant of complex activity. Confirming this idea, the nucleation activity of Arp2/3 complexes containing hybrid ARPC5/ARPC5L subunits is higher when the ARPC5L N-terminus is present, thereby providing insight into activity differences between the different Arp2/3 complexes.
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