The Present State of Existential Interventions Within Palliative Care.
The Present State of Existential Interventions Within Palliative Care.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2021.811612
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Satoh M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Terao T;Satoh M
潜在心理治疗植根于欧洲存在主义哲学传统。真正的哲学家包括德国人胡塞尔和海德格尔，法国人加缪、卢梭、德·波伏娃和梅洛-庞蒂。他们的作品包含死亡、自由、无意义和孤立等存在主义的终极主题。宾斯万格、弗兰克尔和博斯基于他们对存在主义哲学的认识，发展了早期的存在主义心理治疗，如此在分析和意义治疗，而梅、莱恩、亚隆、梅和黄则在英美文化中开创了后来的存在主义心理治疗。针对晚期癌症和/或临终关怀患者，我们发现了九种存在主义心理疗法，并使用随机对照试验（RCT）进行了研究：意义中心团体心理治疗（MCGP），个体意义中心心理治疗（IMCP），意义创造干预（MMI），生命意义干预，管理癌症和有意义地生活（CALM），希望干预，认知和潜能干预，尊严疗法和生活回顾访谈，来自19项相关RCT。所有这些都涉及死亡、无意义、孤立和自由。特别是，MCGP，IMCP，MMi，生命意义干预和CALM强调在个人生活中寻找和/或创造意义。在MCGP，IMCP，生命意义干预和生活回顾干预中证实了对存在或精神福祉的影响，尽管研究数量很少。在其他干预措施中，有不同的结果，研究的数量也非常少。存在主义心理治疗对晚期癌症患者的影响还需要进一步的研究。
Existential psychotherapy is rooted in the European tradition of existential philosophy. Existential philosophers include Husserl and Heidegger, who were German, and Camus, Sartre, de Beauvoir, and Merleau-Ponty, who were French. Their works contain existentially ultimate themes such as death, freedom, meaninglessness, and isolation. Based on their knowledge of existential philosophy, Binswanger, Frankl, and Boss developed the earlier existential psychotherapies such as Dasein-analysis and Logotherapy, while May, Laing, Yalom, May, and Wong started later existential psychotherapies in the British and American culture. Focusing on patients with advanced cancer and/or terminal care, we found nine types of existential psychotherapies which were investigated using randomized controlled trials (RCTs): Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy (MCGP), Individual Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy (IMCP), Meaning-Making intervention (MMi), Meaning of Life Intervention, Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM), Hope Intervention, Cognitive and Existential Intervention, Dignity Therapy, and Life-Review Interviews, from 19 relevant RCTs. All deal with death, meaninglessness, isolation, and freedom. Particularly, MCGP, IMCP, MMi, Meaning of Life intervention, and CALM emphasize finding and/or making meaning in the individual's life. The effects on existential or spiritual well-being were confirmed in MCGP, IMCP, Meaning of Life intervention, and Life-Review intervention although the number of studies were very few. In the other interventions, there were heterogenous findings and again the number of studies was very small. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of existential psychotherapy on patients with advanced cancer.
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