Random walk of single gold nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos leading to stochastic toxic effects on embryonic developments.
Random walk of single gold nanoparticles in zebrafish embryos leading to stochastic toxic effects on embryonic developments.
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作者：
Browning LM;Lee KJ;Huang T;Nallathamby PD;Lowman JE;Xu XH
我们已经合成和表征了稳定的（非聚集，非光漂白和非闪烁），几乎单分散和高度纯化的Au纳米粒子，并使用它们来探测卵裂期斑马鱼胚胎的运输和研究它们对胚胎发育的影响在真实的时间。我们发现单个Au纳米颗粒（直径为11.6 ± 0.9 nm）通过绒毛膜孔道被动扩散到胚胎绒毛膜间隙中，并继续随机行走通过绒毛膜间隙进入胚胎内团。当纳米颗粒扩散通过胚胎的各个部分时，单个纳米颗粒的扩散系数变化很大（2.8×10-11至1.3×10-8 cm 2/s），这表明胚胎的运输屏障和粘度梯度高度不同。Au纳米颗粒在胚胎中的积累量随其浓度的增加而增加。有趣的是，它们对胚胎发育的影响与浓度不成比例。大多数胚胎（平均74%）与0.025-1.2 nM Au纳米粒子长期孵育120 h后发育为正常斑马鱼，其中一些（24%）死亡，少数（2%）畸形。我们开发了一种新的方法来成像和表征单个Au纳米粒子嵌入组织中使用组织学样品制备方法和单个纳米粒子的LSRP光谱。我们发现Au纳米颗粒存在于正常发育和畸形的斑马鱼的各个部位，这表明纳米颗粒在胚胎发育过程中的随机行走可能导致了胚胎发育的随机效应。这些结果表明，Au纳米粒子比我们以前报道的Ag纳米粒子对胚胎的生物相容性更好（毒性更小），这表明它们更适合作为体内胚胎成像的生物相容性探针。结果表明，纳米颗粒的生物相容性和毒性与其化学性质密切相关，胚胎可作为筛选纳米颗粒生物相容性的有效体内实验材料。
We have synthesized and characterized stable (non-aggregation, non-photobleaching and non-blinking), nearly monodisperse and highly-purified Au nanoparticles, and used them to probe transport of cleavage-stage zebrafish embryos and to study their effects on embryonic development in real time. We found that single Au nanoparticles (11.6 ± 0.9 nm in diameter) passively diffused into chorionic space of the embryos via their chorionic-pore-canals and continued their random-walk through chorionic space and into inner mass of embryos. Diffusion coefficients of single nanoparticles vary dramatically (2.8×10-11 to 1.3×10-8 cm2/s) as nanoparticles diffuse through various parts of embryos, suggesting highly diverse transport barriers and viscosity gradients of embryos. The amount of Au nanoparticles accumulated in embryos increase with its concentration. Interestingly, their effects on embryonic development are not proportionally related to the concentration. Majority of embryos (74% on average) incubated chronically with 0.025-1.2 nM Au nanoparticles for 120 h developed to normal zebrafish, with some (24%) being dead and few (2%) deformed. We developed a new approach to image and characterize individual Au nanoparticles embedded in tissues using histology sample preparation methods and LSRP spectra of single nanoparticles. We found that Au nanoparticles in various parts of normally developed and deformed zebrafish, suggesting that random-walk of nanoparticles in embryos during their development might have led to stochastic effects on embryonic development. These results show that Au nanoparticles are much more biocompatible (less toxic) to the embryos than Ag nanoparticles that we reported previously, suggesting that they are better suited as biocompatible probes for imaging embryos in vivo. The results provide powerful evidences that biocompatibility and toxicity of nanoparticles highly depend on their chemical properties, and the embryos can serve as effective in-vivo assays to screen their biocompatibility.
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影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Brown, C. L.;Whitehouse, M. W.;Bushell, G. R.
通讯作者：
Bushell, G. R.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Chen, Yu-Hung;Tsai, Chiau-Yuang;Wu, Chao-Liang
通讯作者：
Wu, Chao-Liang
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Lee, Kerry J.;Nallathamby, Prakash D.;Xu, Xiao-Hong Nancy
通讯作者：
Xu, Xiao-Hong Nancy
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
KUSUMI, A;SAKO, Y;YAMAMOTO, M
通讯作者：
YAMAMOTO, M
影响因子：
--
作者：
LEE, PC;MEISEL, D
通讯作者：
MEISEL, D