Racial and Ethnic Infant Mortality Gaps and the Role of Socio-Economic Status.

Racial and Ethnic Infant Mortality Gaps and the Role of Socio-Economic Status.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.labeco.2016.04.001
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发表时间:
2016-12
期刊:
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Haider SJ
Haider SJ
中科院分区:
经济学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Elder TE;Goddeeris JH;Haider SJ

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我们评估了社会经济地位的差异在多大程度上与人口健康的一个基本衡量标准--婴儿死亡率--中的种族和民族差距有关。使用2000年至2004年的微观生命统计数据,我们检验了白人、黑人、墨西哥人、波多黎各人、亚洲人和美洲原住民母亲所生婴儿的死亡率差距。我们发现,群体间的死亡率差距(墨西哥婴儿除外)与母亲的婚姻状况、教育程度和年龄密切相关,这些特征也是美国人口普查数据中新妈妈收入和贫困的有力预测因素。尽管有这些相似之处,但我们记录了三个高死亡率群体的死亡率差距的根本差异:黑人-白人和波多黎各白人的死亡率差距主要发生在低出生体重时,而美洲原住民-白人差距几乎只发生在出生体重较高的时候。我们进一步研究了与其他组相比其IMR异常的一个组:考虑到墨西哥母亲的社会经济劣势,他们的婴儿死亡率相对较低。我们发现,这种反常现象是由外国出生的母亲较低的婴儿死亡率推动的,这一模式在许多种族/民族中都存在。总体而言,我们得出的结论是,我们六个种族/族裔群体的婴儿死亡率差距显示出许多共同点,这些共同点表明社会经济差异具有突出的作用。
We assess the extent to which differences in socio-economic status are associated with racial and ethnic gaps in a fundamental measure of population health: the rate at which infants die. Using micro-level Vital Statistics data from 2000 to 2004, we examine mortality gaps of infants born to white, black, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Asian, and Native American mothers. We find that between-group mortality gaps are strongly and consistently (except for Mexican infants) associated with maternal marital status, education, and age, and that these same characteristics are powerful predictors of income and poverty for new mothers in U.S. Census data. Despite these similarities, we document a fundamental difference in the mortality gap for the three high mortality groups: whereas the black-white and Puerto Rican-white mortality gaps mainly occur at low birth weights, the Native American-white gap occurs almost exclusively at higher birth weights. We further examine the one group whose IMR is anomalous compared to the other groups: infants of Mexican mothers die at relatively low rates given their socio-economic disadvantage. We find that this anomaly is driven by lower infant mortality among foreign-born mothers, a pattern found within many racial/ethnic groups. Overall, we conclude that the infant mortality gaps for our six racial/ethnic groups exhibit many commonalities, and these commonalities suggest a prominent role for socio-economic differences.
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