Examining spatiotemporal evolution of racial/ethnic disparities in human mobility and COVID-19 health outcomes: Evidence from the contiguous United States.
Examining spatiotemporal evolution of racial/ethnic disparities in human mobility and COVID-19 health outcomes: Evidence from the contiguous United States.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scs.2021.103506
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发表时间：
2022-01
影响因子：
11.7
通讯作者：
Jin ZC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu S;Xiong C;Younes H;Yang M;Darzi A;Jin ZC
社交距离已成为遏制COVID-19传播的关键对策。这项研究利用美国邻近地区的地理追踪数据，研究二零二零年人口流动及COVID-19健康结果的县级种族╱民族差异。在横截面和时变设置下拟合了一组广义加性模型，分别以流动性变化百分比、呆在家里的百分比、COVID-19感染率和病死率作为因变量。在调整了空间效应、建筑环境、社会经济学、人口统计学和党派关系后，我们发现亚洲人口较多的县旅行减少最多，白色和亚洲人口较多的县感染率最低，非洲裔美国人人口较多的县病死率最高。控制变量，特别是党派和教育程度，显着影响建模结果。随时间变化的分析进一步表明，人口流动性的种族差异在开始时变化很大，但在大流行期间保持稳定，而COVID-19结果的种族差异随着时间的推移而广泛减少。所有结论在不同的聚集单元或模型规格下均具有稳健性。总而言之，我们的分析聚焦于美国根深蒂固的种族隔离，以及它如何影响COVID-19期间的流动模式、城市形态和健康差异。
Social distancing has become a key countermeasure to contain the dissemination of COVID-19. This study examined county-level racial/ethnic disparities in human mobility and COVID-19 health outcomes during the year 2020 by leveraging geo-tracking data across the contiguous US. Sets of generalized additive models were fitted under cross-sectional and time-varying settings, with percentage of mobility change, percentage of staying home, COVID-19 infection rate, and case-fatality ratio as dependent variables, respectively. After adjusting for spatial effects, built environment, socioeconomics, demographics, and partisanship, we found counties with higher Asian populations decreased most in travel, counties with higher White and Asian populations experienced the least infection rate, and counties with higher African American populations presented the highest case-fatality ratio. Control variables, particularly partisanship and education attainment, significantly influenced modeling results. Time-varying analyses further suggested racial differences in human mobility varied dramatically at the beginning but remained stable during the pandemic, while racial differences in COVID-19 outcomes broadly decreased over time. All conclusions hold robust with different aggregation units or model specifications. Altogether, our analyses shine a spotlight on the entrenched racial segregation in the US as well as how it may influence the mobility patterns, urban forms, and health disparities during the COVID-19.
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