An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact.
An overview of sarcopenia: facts and numbers on prevalence and clinical impact.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s13539-010-0014-2
复制
发表时间：
2010-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anker SD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
von Haehling S;Morley JE;Anker SD
人体肌肉不断发生变化。大约 50 岁以后，肌肉质量以每年 1-2% 的速度减少。 50 岁至 60 岁之间，肌肉力量下降 1.5%，此后下降 3%。这些变化的原因包括运动单位的去神经支配以及快速 II 型肌纤维净转化为慢速 I 型纤维，从而导致日常生活活动所需的肌肉力量损失。此外，脂质沉积在肌肉中，但这些变化通常不会导致体重减轻。一旦老年受试者的肌肉质量低于年轻对照组平均值的 2 个标准差，并且步态速度低于 0.8 m/s，则可以进行肌少症的临床诊断。使用短期身体机能电池测试、定时起立行走测试或爬楼梯力量测试等测试来评估肌肉力量也可能有助于诊断。肌肉减少症是肌肉质量损失的四个主要原因之一。平均而言，据估计 60 至 70 岁的老年人中有 5% 至 13% 患有肌肉减少症。对于 80 岁或以上的人来说，这一数字增加到 11-50%。肌肉减少症可能会导致虚弱，但并非所有肌肉减少症患者都虚弱——肌肉减少症的发生率约为虚弱的两倍。多项研究表明，肌肉力量减弱的受试者跌倒的风险显着升高。肌肉减少症的治疗仍然具有挑战性，但使用渐进式阻力训练、睾酮、雌激素、生长激素、维生素 D 和血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂已经取得了有希望的结果。有趣的营养干预措施包括高热量营养补充剂和支持肌肉纤维合成的必需氨基酸。
Human muscle undergoes constant changes. After about age 50, muscle mass decreases at an annual rate of 1–2%. Muscle strength declines by 1.5% between ages 50 and 60 and by 3% thereafter. The reasons for these changes include denervation of motor units and a net conversion of fast type II muscle fibers into slow type I fibers with resulting loss in muscle power necessary for activities of daily living. In addition, lipids are deposited in the muscle, but these changes do not usually lead to a loss in body weight. Once muscle mass in elderly subjects falls below 2 standard deviations of the mean of a young control cohort and the gait speed falls below 0.8 m/s, a clinical diagnosis of sarcopenia can be reached. Assessment of muscle strength using tests such as the short physical performance battery test, the timed get-up-and-go test, or the stair climb power test may also be helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Sarcopenia is one of the four main reasons for loss of muscle mass. On average, it is estimated that 5–13% of elderly people aged 60–70 years are affected by sarcopenia. The numbers increase to 11–50% for those aged 80 or above. Sarcopenia may lead to frailty, but not all patients with sarcopenia are frail—sarcopenia is about twice as common as frailty. Several studies have shown that the risk of falls is significantly elevated in subjects with reduced muscle strength. Treatment of sarcopenia remains challenging, but promising results have been obtained using progressive resistance training, testosterone, estrogens, growth hormone, vitamin D, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Interesting nutritional interventions include high-caloric nutritional supplements and essential amino acids that support muscle fiber synthesis.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Lenk, Karsten;Schuler, Gerhard;Adams, Volker
通讯作者：
Adams, Volker
影响因子：
4
作者：
Lang, T.;Streeper, T.;Cawthon, P.;Baldwin, K.;Taaffe, D. R.;Harris, T. B.
通讯作者：
Harris, T. B.
DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x
发表时间：
1991-02-01
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
PODSIADLO, D;RICHARDSON, S
通讯作者：
RICHARDSON, S
DOI：
10.1016/j.apmr.2007.02.004
发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Bean, Jonathan F.;Kiely, Dan K.;Frontera, Walter R.
通讯作者：
Frontera, Walter R.
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Morley, J. E.
通讯作者：
Morley, J. E.