Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment.
Sarcopenia: etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00198-009-1059-y
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发表时间：
2010-04
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Harris, T. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lang, T.;Streeper, T.;Cawthon, P.;Baldwin, K.;Taaffe, D. R.;Harris, T. B.
衰老过程与肌肉质量和力量的损失以及身体功能的下降有关。术语肌肉减少症主要定义为由年龄相关的肌肉损失引起的低水平肌肉质量，但其定义通常被扩大到包括骨骼肌损失及其临床表现中涉及的潜在细胞过程。潜在的细胞变化涉及促进肌肉强直的因子减弱和炎症因子和其他促成骨骼肌强直的因子的表达增加。在细胞水平上，这些分子过程表现为肌纤维横截面积的损失、神经支配的损失以及肌肉组织中慢运动单元和快运动单元的比例的适应性变化。最终，这些变化转化为肌肉质量，力量和功能的大量变化，导致身体机能下降，残疾，跌倒相关损伤的风险增加，并且通常是虚弱。本文就肌少症的发病机制以及与年龄相关的肌肉组织形态和功能变化作一综述。我们还讨论了功能丧失方面的长期结果，这会导致肌肉骨骼损伤和其他疾病的风险增加，导致虚弱和丧失独立性。
The aging process is associated with loss of muscle mass and strength and decline in physical functioning. The term sarcopenia is primarily defined as low level of muscle mass resulting from age-related muscle loss, but its definition is often broadened to include the underlying cellular processes involved in skeletal muscle loss as well as their clinical manifestations. The underlying cellular changes involve weakening of factors promoting muscle anabolism and increased expression of inflammatory factors and other agents which contribute to skeletal muscle catabolism. At the cellular level, these molecular processes are manifested in a loss of muscle fiber cross-sectional area, loss of innervation, and adaptive changes in the proportions of slow and fast motor units in muscle tissue. Ultimately, these alterations translate to bulk changes in muscle mass, strength, and function which lead to reduced physical performance, disability, increased risk of fall-related injury, and, often, frailty. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and age-related changes in muscle tissue morphology and function. We also discuss the resulting long-term outcomes in terms of loss of function, which causes increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries and other morbidities, leading to frailty and loss of independence.
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