Convergence of the block Lanczos method for eigenvalue clusters

Convergence of the block Lanczos method for eigenvalue clusters
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特征值簇分块 Lanczos 方法的收敛性

DOI:
10.1007/s00211-014-0681-6
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发表时间:
2014-11
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Zhang Lei-Hong
Zhang Lei-Hong
中科院分区:
数学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li;Rencang;Zhang Lei-Hong

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Lanczos 方法通常用于解决大规模对称矩阵特征值问题。众所周知,单向量 Lanczos 方法只能找到任意多特征值的一个副本(除非采用某种紧缩策略),并且会遇到向聚类特征值收敛缓慢的问题。另一方面,块 Lanczos 方法可以计算多个特征值的全部或部分副本,并且在合适的块大小的情况下,还可以更快地计算聚类特征值。然而,由于 Saad 的块 Lanczos 方法的现有收敛理论并没有完全反映这种现象,因为该理论是为了限制每个单独的近似特征对中的近似误差而建立的。在这里,有人认为,在存在特征值簇的情况下,与该簇相关的整个近似特征空间应该被视为一个整体,而不是每个单独的近似特征向量,对于近似特征值簇也是如此。在本文中,我们获得了近似特征空间和特征值簇的误差界限。我们的界限比现有的界限要尖锐得多,并且揭示了块 Lanczos 方法对特征值簇的真实收敛率。此外,它们的清晰度与簇内特征值的接近程度无关。给出了数值例子来支持我们的主张。
The Lanczos method is often used to solve a large scale symmetric matrix eigenvalue problem. It is well-known that the single-vector Lanczos method can only find one copy of any multiple eigenvalue (unless certain deflating strategy is incorporated) and encounters slow convergence towards clustered eigenvalues. On the other hand, the block Lanczos method can compute all or some of the copies of a multiple eigenvalue and, with a suitable block size, also compute clustered eigenvalues much faster. The existing convergence theory due to Saad for the block Lanczos method, however, does not fully reflect this phenomenon since the theory was established to bound approximation errors in each individual approximate eigenpairs. Here, it is argued that in the presence of an eigenvalue cluster, the entire approximate eigenspace associated with the cluster should be considered as a whole, instead of each individual approximate eigenvectors, and likewise for approximating clusters of eigenvalues. In this paper, we obtain error bounds on approximating eigenspaces and eigenvalue clusters. Our bounds are much sharper than the existing ones and expose true rates of convergence of the block Lanczos method towards eigenvalue clusters. Furthermore, their sharpness is independent of the closeness of eigenvalues within a cluster. Numerical examples are presented to support our claims.
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