Replenishing the Aged Brains: Targeting Oligodendrocytes and Myelination?

Replenishing the Aged Brains: Targeting Oligodendrocytes and Myelination?
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补充衰老的大脑:针对少突胶质细胞和髓鞘形成?

DOI:
10.3389/fnagi.2021.760200
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Li T
Li T
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zhang X;Huang N;Xiao L;Wang F;Li T

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衰老几乎影响了大脑功能的所有方面,但其机制在很大程度上仍未明确。越来越多的文献证实了胶质细胞在调节衰老过程中的重要作用。少突胶质谱系细胞是中枢神经系统的一种主要胶质细胞类型,由成熟的少突胶质细胞(OLs)和少突胶质前体细胞(OPCs)组成。ol产生髓鞘,隔离轴突并提供代谢支持以满足能量需求。OPCs具有增殖和分化为ol的能力,可以维持整个生命周期的种群。越来越多的证据表明,少突胶质细胞在成人和老年中枢神经系统中表现出活跃的动态,广泛参与了老年人与年龄相关的脑功能下降。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前关于少突胶质系细胞在正常衰老过程中的动态变化的知识,并讨论了它们在年龄相关功能衰退中的潜在作用。特别关注衰老过程中髓鞘生成的减少及其潜在机制。阐明这些少突胶质细胞的变化及其对神经功能衰退的影响可能为理解衰老相关的脑功能衰退提供新的见解。
Aging affects almost all the aspects of brain functions, but the mechanisms remain largely undefined. Increasing number of literatures have manifested the important role of glial cells in regulating the aging process. Oligodendroglial lineage cell is a major type of glia in central nervous system (CNS), composed of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), and oligodendroglia precursor cells (OPCs). OLs produce myelin sheaths that insulate axons and provide metabolic support to meet the energy demand. OPCs maintain the population throughout lifetime with the abilities to proliferate and differentiate into OLs. Increasing evidence has shown that oligodendroglial cells display active dynamics in adult and aging CNS, which is extensively involved in age-related brain function decline in the elderly. In this review, we summarized present knowledge about dynamic changes of oligodendroglial lineage cells during normal aging and discussed their potential roles in age-related functional decline. Especially, focused on declined myelinogenesis during aging and underlying mechanisms. Clarifying those oligodendroglial changes and their effects on neurofunctional decline may provide new insights in understanding aging associated brain function declines.
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