High rates of evolution preceded the origin of birds.

High rates of evolution preceded the origin of birds.
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DOI:
10.1111/evo.12363
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发表时间:
2014-05
期刊:
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Benton MJ
Benton MJ
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Puttick MN;Thomas GH;Benton MJ

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鸟类的起源(鸟类)是进化的重大转变之一。化石表明,现代鸟类的许多独特的形态特征,如羽毛、体型缩小和半月状腕骨,早在分支鸟类起源之前很久,但有些可能是鸟类特有的,如前肢的相对伸长。我们研究了腔龙、兽足类和中生代鸟类的体型和前肢长度的进化。利用最近发展的系统发育比较方法,我们发现在Paraves中,身体大小和依赖于身体大小的前肢进化的速度增加,导致Paraves的身体尺寸相对于前肢长度较小,Paraves是由鸟类和恐爪龙组成的较宽的分支。较高的进化率主要是由于身体大小的减少,因为没有增加前肢进化的速度。与最近的一项研究一致,我们发现有证据表明,鸟类的身体尺寸和前肢尺寸之间似乎有一种独特的关系。与鸟类相关的特征在它们起源之前以高速度进化,并支持这样的观点,即许多Paravians谱系在侏罗纪晚期和白垩纪早期试验不同的飞行模式。
The origin of birds (Aves) is one of the great evolutionary transitions. Fossils show that many unique morphological features of modern birds, such as feathers, reduction in body size, and the semilunate carpal, long preceded the origin of clade Aves, but some may be unique to Aves, such as relative elongation of the forelimb. We study the evolution of body size and forelimb length across the phylogeny of coelurosaurian theropods and Mesozoic Aves. Using recently developed phylogenetic comparative methods, we find an increase in rates of body size and body size dependent forelimb evolution leading to small body size relative to forelimb length in Paraves, the wider clade comprising Aves and Deinonychosauria. The high evolutionary rates arose primarily from a reduction in body size, as there were no increased rates of forelimb evolution. In line with a recent study, we find evidence that Aves appear to have a unique relationship between body size and forelimb dimensions. Traits associated with Aves evolved before their origin, at high rates, and support the notion that numerous lineages of paravians were experimenting with different modes of flight through the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous.
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