Experimental Evaluation of Respirable Dust and Crystalline Silica Controls During Simulated Performance of Stone Countertop Fabrication Tasks With Powered Hand Tools.
Experimental Evaluation of Respirable Dust and Crystalline Silica Controls During Simulated Performance of Stone Countertop Fabrication Tasks With Powered Hand Tools.
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DOI：
10.1093/annweh/wxx040
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Hawley DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson DL;Phillips ML;Qi C;Van AT;Hawley DA
使用手工工具制作石材台面的工人因过度接触可吸入结晶二氧化硅而面临患硅肺病的风险。本研究探讨了简单的工程控制，可用于抑制在使用手工工具的石材台面制造业粉尘的有效性。进行了对照实验，以测量湿法和工具上的局部排气通风（LEV）是否减少了在富含石英的工程石上使用各种电动手动工具期间的呼吸性粉尘暴露。在用金刚石杯形砂轮和碳化硅砂轮进行边缘磨削过程中收集的呼吸性粉尘样品进行了重量分析，以及通过X射线衍射，以确定二氧化硅含量。一个人的光学气溶胶监测仪同时使用的呼吸性粉尘样品，并快速评估抛光，刀片切割，钻芯控制。工具上的LEV和片流润湿在减少暴露方面是有效的，特别是当组合使用时。使用LEV的片材流动润湿可使几何平均暴露量减少多达95%。然而，当与LEV结合时，典型的在研磨杯上的水喷雾润湿不如没有LEV有效。研磨作业的呼吸性粉尘样品的平均二氧化硅含量为53%，和呼吸质量和二氧化硅质量非常高度相关（r = 0.980）。光学浓度测量与重量测量（r = 0.817）适度相关，但平均而言，使用工厂校准的单次试验期间的光学测量仅为同时重量测量的五分之一。结合工具上LEV的片流润湿是一种有效的工程控制，可减少工程石边缘磨削和刀片切割过程中的呼吸性粉尘暴露。另一方面，将LEV添加到一些水喷雾润湿的工具可能会降低湿法的有效性。
Workers who fabricate stone countertops using hand tools are at risk of silicosis from overexposure to respirable crystalline silica. This study explored the efficacy of simple engineering controls that can be used for dust suppression during use of hand tools by stone countertop fabricators. Controlled experiments were conducted to measure whether wet methods and on-tool local exhaust ventilation (LEV) reduced respirable dust exposures during use of various powered hand tools on quartz-rich engineered stone. Respirable dust samples collected during edge grinding with a diamond cup wheel and a silicon carbide abrasive wheel were analyzed gravimetrically as well as by x-ray diffraction to determine silica content. A personal optical aerosol monitor was used simultaneously with the respirable dust samples and also for rapid assessment of controls for polishing, blade cutting, and core drilling. On-tool LEV and sheet-flow-wetting were effective in reducing exposures, especially when used in combination. Sheet-flow-wetting with LEV reduced geometric mean exposures by as much as 95%. However, typical water-spray-wetting on a grinding cup was less effective when combined with LEV than without LEV. Mean silica content of respirable dust samples from grinding operations was 53%, and respirable mass and silica mass were very highly correlated (r = 0.980). Optical concentration measures were moderately well correlated with gravimetric measures (r = 0.817), but on average the optical measures during a single trial using the factory calibration were only one-fifth the simultaneous gravimetric measures. Sheet-flow-wetting combined with on-tool LEV is an effective engineering control for reducing respirable dust exposures during engineered stone edge grinding and blade cutting. On the other hand, addition of LEV to some water-spray-wetted tools may reduce the effectiveness of the wet method.
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/meu083
发表时间：
2015-01
期刊：
The Annals of occupational hygiene
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cooper JH;Johnson DL;Phillips ML
通讯作者：
Phillips ML
DOI：
10.1080/15459624.2010.527552
发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
2
作者：
Akbar-Khanzadeh, Farhang;Milz, Sheryl A.;Akbar-Khanzadeh, Mahboubeh
通讯作者：
Akbar-Khanzadeh, Mahboubeh
影响因子：
--
作者：
Healy, Catherine B.;Coggins, Marie A.;McGowan, Padraic
通讯作者：
McGowan, Padraic
DOI：
10.1080/15428110208984734
发表时间：
2002-07-01
期刊：
AIHAJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
Croteau, GA;Guffey, SE;Seixas, NS
通讯作者：
Seixas, NS
DOI：
10.1080/10473220290035543
发表时间：
2002-07-01
期刊：
Applied occupational and environmental hygiene
影响因子：
--
作者：
Echt, Alan;Sieber, William K
通讯作者：
Sieber, William K