Phonetic complexity affects children's Mandarin tone production accuracy in disyllabic words: A perceptual study.
Phonetic complexity affects children's Mandarin tone production accuracy in disyllabic words: A perceptual study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0182337
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Strange W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wong P;Strange W
本研究首次考察了语音语境对儿童词汇声调产生的影响。对44名2-6岁儿童和12名母亲产生的双音节单词中的普通话声调进行了低通滤波，以消除词汇信息。以普通话为母语的成年人根据过滤后的刺激中的音高信息对音调进行分类。所有母亲的音调都被归类为天花板精确度。与以往大多数关于儿童声调习得的研究结果和言语发展模型中普遍存在的儿童获得超段特征比音段特征早的假设相反，这项研究发现，六岁以下的儿童还没有掌握普通话声调的产生。儿童音调的判断准确率明显低于母亲的音调。随着年龄的增长，音调精确度提高，而跨对象音调精确度的可变性降低。儿童的声调准确性受到语音语境发音复杂性的影响。儿童在基频(F0)等值线较复杂的音调组合中犯的错误比基频(F0)变化较简单的音调序列更多。当产生具有复杂F0轮廓的双音节声调序列时，儿童倾向于移动第一个声调的F0轮廓以减少F0的变化，导致第一个音节的声调错误比第二个音节更多，并且比成年人表现出更多的预期协同发音。这一结果进一步证明，儿童词汇声调的习得是一个漫长的过程。儿童在一个语音语境中准确地产生的音调在另一个语音语境中可能不会被正确地产生。儿童在双音节发音中表现出比成人更多的预期协同发音，这可能归因于儿童在声调产生中不成熟的言语运动控制，并可能是他们无法在音节时间框架内完成复杂的F0变化的副产品。
This is the first study to examine the effect of phonetic contexts on children’s lexical tone production. Mandarin tones in disyllabic words produced by forty-four 2- to 6-year-old children and twelve mothers were low-pass filtered to eliminate lexical information. Native Mandarin-speaking adults categorized the tones based on the pitch information in the filtered stimuli. All mothers’ tones were categorized with ceiling accuracy. Counter to the findings in most previous studies on children’s tone acquisition and the prevailing assumption in models of speech development that children acquire suprasegmental features much earlier than segmental features, this study found that children as old as six years of age have not mastered the production of Mandarin tones. Children’s tones were judged with significantly lower accuracy than mothers’ productions. Tone accuracy improved, while cross subject variability in tone accuracy decreased, with age. Children’s tone accuracy was affected by the articulatory complexity of phonetic contexts. Children made more errors in tone combinations with more complex fundamental frequency (F0) contours than tone sequences with simpler F0 changes. When producing disyllabic tone sequences with complex F0 contours, children tended to shift the F0 contour of the first tone to reduce the F0 change, resulting in more tone errors in the first syllable than in the second syllable and showing substantially more anticipatory coarticulation than adults. The results provide further evidence that acquisition of lexical tones is a protracted process in children. Tones produced accurately by children in one phonetic context may not be produced correctly in another phonetic context. Children demonstrate more anticipatory coarticulation in their disyllabic productions than adults, which may be attributed to children’s immature speech motor control in tone production, and is presumably a by-product of their inability to accomplish complex F0 changes within the syllable time-frame.
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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