Brain mechanisms underlying behavioral specificity and generalization of short-term texture discrimination learning
Brain mechanisms underlying behavioral specificity and generalization of short-term texture discrimination learning
复制标题
行为特异性和短期纹理辨别学习泛化背后的大脑机制
DOI：
10.1016/j.visres.2014.10.017
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发表时间：
2014-12
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
王优
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
王优
本研究采用高密度事件相关电位（ERPs）研究短时纹理辨别任务（TDT）学习的行为特异性和概括性的脑机制。成年人接受TDT训练1.5小时，并在第二天测量其ERP。行为表现表明，在EEG会话期间相同量的训练和未经训练的条件下暴露后，学习效果特定于训练的背景方向，但在目标位置上泛化。然而，ERP数据显示，目标位置和背景取向的具体变化。虽然行为的背景方向特异性主要涉及振幅增强的早期N2 PC枕叶皮层，行为的目标位置概括与调制的时空配置的N2 PC组件（早期枕叶与晚顶叶/颞模式）和减少额叶P2振幅的训练相对于未经训练的条件。最早的视觉成分C1没有表现出特定的影响，无论是背景方向或目标位置。这些结果表明TDT学习的行为特异性和泛化性背后的不同脑机制。基于现有的研究结果和文献，我们认为，知觉学习不仅可能会导致相对早期的视觉选择的训练目标的干扰，但也减少了自上而下的注意来自高层次的大脑中心。在某些情况下，自上而下的注意力控制的重新激活（例如，未经训练的目标定位条件）可能会补偿早期视觉选择性注意机制所诱导的特异性效应，导致知觉学习在行为表现中的泛化或较低的特异性。
In this study, we used high-density event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying behavioral specificity and generalization of short-term learning of texture discrimination task (TDT). Human adults were trained with TDT for a single session of 1.5 h and their ERPs were measured on the following day. Behavioral performance showed that, after a same amount of exposure of the trained and untrained conditions during EEG session, learning effects were specific to the trained background orientation but generalized across target locations. ERP data, however, revealed both target-location and background-orientation specific changes. While the behavioral background-orientation specificity mainly involved amplitude enhancement of early N2pc over occipital cortex, behavioral target-location generalization was associated with modulation of tempo-spatial configurations of the N2pc component (early-occipital vs. late-parietal/temporal pattern) and decrease of frontal P2 amplitudes for the trained relative to the untrained condition. The earliest visual component C1 did not show specific effects for either background orientation or target location. These results indicated different brain mechanisms underlying the behavioral specificity and generalization of TDT learning. Based on the present findings and literatures, we propose that perceptual learning may induce not only enhancement of relatively early visual selection of the trained target among distractors but also decreases of top-down attention originating from high-level brain center. The reactivation of top-down attention control in some conditions (e.g., the untrained target-location condition) may compensate for the specific effect induced by the early visual selective attention mechanism, leading to generalization or less specificity of perceptual learning in behavioral performance.
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