Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain.
Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain.
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DOI：
10.1002/jmri.24768
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Kuzminski, Samuel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Chunlei;Li, Wei;Tong, Karen A.;Yeom, Kristen W.;Kuzminski, Samuel
关键词：
磁敏感加权成像（SWI）是一种磁共振成像（MRI）技术，通过利用组织之间的磁敏感性差异来增强图像对比度。它是通过结合梯度回波数据中的幅度和相位来创建的。SWI对在MRI数据中产生不同相移的顺磁性和反磁性物质都敏感。SWI图像可以显示为最小强度投影，提供脑静脉结构的高分辨率描绘，这是其他MRI技术无法提供的功能。因此，SWI已被广泛应用于诊断各种静脉异常。SWI对脱氧血和颅内矿物质沉积特别敏感，因此已应用于各种病理成像，包括颅内出血、创伤性脑损伤、中风、肿瘤和多发性硬化。然而，SWI不提供磁化率的定量测量。这种局限性目前正在解决与定量磁化率映射（QSM）和磁化率张量成像（STI）的发展。QSM将磁化率视为各向同性，而STI将磁化率视为由张量表征的一般各向异性。本文综述了SWI的基本原理、临床和研究应用、大脑易感性的机制及其实际应用，重点介绍了脑成像。
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that enhances image contrast by using the susceptibility differences between tissues. It is created by combining both magnitude and phase in the gradient echo data. SWI is sensitive to both paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances which generate different phase shift in MRI data. SWI images can be displayed as a minimum intensity projection that provides high resolution delineation of the cerebral venous architecture, a feature that is not available in other MRI techniques. As such, SWI has been widely applied to diagnose various venous abnormalities. SWI is especially sensitive to deoxygenated blood and intracranial mineral deposition and, for that reason, has been applied to image various pathologies including intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, stroke, neoplasm, and multiple sclerosis. SWI, however, does not provide quantitative measures of magnetic susceptibility. This limitation is currently being addressed with the development of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and susceptibility tensor imaging (STI). While QSM treats susceptibility as isotropic, STI treats susceptibility as generally anisotropic characterized by a tensor quantity. This article reviews the basic principles of SWI, its clinical and research applications, the mechanisms governing brain susceptibility properties, and its practical implementation, with a focus on brain imaging.
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