Who is to blame for crashes involving autonomous vehicles? Exploring blame attribution across the road transport system
Who is to blame for crashes involving autonomous vehicles? Exploring blame attribution across the road transport system
复制标题
谁该为涉及自动驾驶汽车的事故负责？
DOI：
10.1080/00140139.2020.1744064
复制
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
P. Salmon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Pöllänen;G. Read;B. Lane;Jason Thompson;P. Salmon
全自动驾驶汽车的引入即将到来。考虑到司机的控制力会减弱，这就需要重新考虑道路交通事故的责任。本研究以归因理论为基础，调查了人工驾驶、半自动驾驶和全自动驾驶车辆碰撞后不同道路运输系统参与者的责任归因。它还研究了结果严重程度是否会改变责备评级。396名参与者将车辆-行人碰撞场景中的责任归咎于5个参与者（车辆驾驶员/使用者、行人、车辆、制造商、政府）。根据三种车辆类型，不同的参与者发现了不同且独特的指责模式。在涉及全自动驾驶汽车的事故中，车辆使用者受到的指责很少，而汽车制造商和政府受到的指责却很大。就车辆类型而言，高和低严重程度碰撞的责任水平没有差异。然而，政府在严重事故中受到的指责更多。研究结果对围绕事故责任的政策和立法具有启示意义。从业者总结：公众对交通事故责任和责任的看法是引入自动驾驶汽车等新技术的重要考虑因素。本研究展示了系统人机工程学框架如何能够帮助确定公众对未来道路运输系统的责任不断变化的影响。缩写：ANOVA：方差分析；DAT：防御性归因理论；IV：自变量
Abstract The introduction of fully autonomous vehicles is approaching. This warrants a re-consideration of road crash liability, given drivers will have diminished control. This study, underpinned by attribution theory, investigated blame attribution to different road transport system actors following crashes involving manually driven, semi-autonomous and fully autonomous vehicles. It also examined whether outcome severity alters blame ratings. 396 participants attributed blame to five actors (vehicle driver/user, pedestrian, vehicle, manufacturer, government) in vehicle–pedestrian crash scenarios. Different and unique patterns of blame were found across actors, according to the three vehicle types. In crashes involving fully autonomous vehicles, vehicle users received low blame, while vehicle manufacturers and government were highly blamed. There was no difference in the level of blame attributed between high and low severity crashes regarding vehicle type. However, the government received more blame in high severity crashes. The findings have implications for policy and legislation surrounding crash liability. Practitioner summary: Public views relating to blame and liability in transport accidents is a vital consideration for the introduction of new technologies such as autonomous vehicles. This study demonstrates how a systems ergonomics framework can assist to identify the implications of changing public opinion on blame for future road transport systems. Abbreviation: ANOVA: analysis of variance; DAT: defensive attribution theory; IV: independent variable
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Victoria A. Banks;N. Stanton;G. Burnett;Setia Hermawati
通讯作者：
Victoria A. Banks;N. Stanton;G. Burnett;Setia Hermawati