Genetic Regulation of Avian Testis Development.
Genetic Regulation of Avian Testis Development.
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DOI：
10.3390/genes12091459
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发表时间：
2021-09-21
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Smith CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Estermann MA;Major AT;Smith CA
与其他脊椎动物一样，鸟类睾丸是精子发生和雄激素产生的场所。鸟类的成对睾丸在胚胎发生过程中分化，首先以性腺原基中的前支持细胞的发育及其浓缩成生精索为标志。生殖细胞被包围在这些索中并进入有丝分裂停滞，而类固醇生成Leydig细胞随后在索周围分化。本文从细胞生物学和遗传学两个方面综述了禽类睾丸发育的研究进展。这些知识大部分来自对鸡胚胎的研究，尽管其他物种也越来越多地被研究。在鸡中，睾丸发育由Z染色体连锁的DMRT 1基因控制，该基因直接或间接激活雄性因子HEMGN、SOX 9和AMH。最近的单细胞RNA-seq已经确定了鸡睾丸发育过程中的细胞谱系特化，而比较研究则指出了鸟类睾丸形成的深度保守性。最后，我们确定了未来研究领域的遗传学鸟类睾丸发育。
As in other vertebrates, avian testes are the site of spermatogenesis and androgen production. The paired testes of birds differentiate during embryogenesis, first marked by the development of pre-Sertoli cells in the gonadal primordium and their condensation into seminiferous cords. Germ cells become enclosed in these cords and enter mitotic arrest, while steroidogenic Leydig cells subsequently differentiate around the cords. This review describes our current understanding of avian testis development at the cell biology and genetic levels. Most of this knowledge has come from studies on the chicken embryo, though other species are increasingly being examined. In chicken, testis development is governed by the Z-chromosome-linked DMRT1 gene, which directly or indirectly activates the male factors, HEMGN, SOX9 and AMH. Recent single cell RNA-seq has defined cell lineage specification during chicken testis development, while comparative studies point to deep conservation of avian testis formation. Lastly, we identify areas of future research on the genetics of avian testis development.
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