Positive impact of Australian 'blindness' tobacco warning labels: findings from the ITC four country survey.
Positive impact of Australian 'blindness' tobacco warning labels: findings from the ITC four country survey.
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澳大利亚“失明”烟草警告标签的积极影响：ITC四个国家调查的发现。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1444-0938.2012.00789.x
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Borland R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kennedy RD;Spafford MM;Behm I;Hammond D;Fong GT;Borland R
对吸烟对健康影响有更多了解的吸烟者更有可能戒烟并保持戒烟。自 20 世纪 90 年代末以来，澳大利亚一直在宣传吸烟与失明之间的因果关系。 2007年3月，澳大利亚成为第一个在香烟包装上贴有图形警告标签的国家，上面写着吸烟导致失明的信息。目前的研究检验了这一假设，即该警告标签的引入增加了吸烟者对这一重要健康影响的了解。国际烟草控制四国调查共进行了六轮，对澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国的 17,472 名成年吸烟者进行了电话调查，其中三轮是在澳大利亚引入失明健康警告之前进行的，三轮是在澳大利亚引入失明健康警告之后进行的。该调查衡量了成年吸烟者对吸烟导致失明的了解程度。与加拿大、英国和美国的吸烟者相比，澳大利亚吸烟者更有可能报告吸烟导致失明，因为这些国家既没有关于失明的健康运动，也没有健康警告标签。引入失明警告后，澳大利亚吸烟者比失明警告之前更有可能报告称他们知道吸烟会导致失明（62% vs 49%；OR = 1.68，95% CI：1.03、2.76，p = 0.04）。在澳大利亚，55 岁以上的吸烟者报告吸烟导致失明的可能性低于 18 至 24 岁的吸烟者（OR = 0.43；95% CI：0.29、0.62，p < 0.001）。虽然与其他没有开展全国性社会营销活动的国家相比，更多的吸烟者报告说吸烟导致澳大利亚失明，但在澳大利亚引入图片警告标签后，人们对吸烟的认识有了进一步的提高。研究结果表明，仍然需要教育公众了解吸烟与失明的因果关系。由于年龄相关性黄斑变性的发病率随着年龄的增长而增加，可能需要更多的教育来弥补澳大利亚老年吸烟者的知识差距。
Smokers with greater knowledge of the health effects of smoking are more likely to quit and remain abstinent. Australia has communicated the causal association of smoking and blindness since the late 1990s. In March 2007, Australia became the first country to include a pictorial warning label on cigarette packages with the message that smoking causes blindness. The current study tested the hypothesis that the introduction of this warning label increased smokers’ knowledge of this important health effect. Six waves of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey were conducted, as a telephone survey of 17,472 adult smokers in Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and the United States, with three waves before and three waves after the blindness health warning was introduced in Australia. The survey measured adult smokers’ knowledge that smoking causes blindness. Australian smokers were significantly more likely to report that smoking causes blindness, compared to Canadian, UK and US smokers, where there were neither health campaigns nor health warnings labels about blindness. After the introduction of the blindness warning, Australian smokers were more likely than before the blindness warning to report that they know that smoking causes blindness (62 versus 49 per cent; OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.76, p = 0.04). In Australia, smokers aged over 55 years were less likely than those aged 18 to 24 to report that smoking causes blindness (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.62, p < 0.001). While more smokers report that smoking causes blindness in Australia compared to other countries, which have not had national social marketing campaigns, further gains in knowledge were found after pictorial warning labels were introduced in Australia. Findings suggest there is still a need to educate the public about the causal association of smoking and blindness. More education may be needed to redress the knowledge gap in older Australian smokers as the incidence of age-related macular degeneration increases with age.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Loo, Diana L. S.;Ng, Deborah H. L.;Eong, Kah-Guan Au
通讯作者：
Eong, Kah-Guan Au
DOI：
10.1016/j.optm.2010.10.014
发表时间：
2011-05-01
期刊：
OPTOMETRY-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OPTOMETRIC ASSOCIATION
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kennedy, Ryan David;Spafford, Marlee M.;Fong, Geoffrey T.
通讯作者：
Fong, Geoffrey T.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mitchell, P;Wang, JJ;Leeder, SR
通讯作者：
Leeder, SR
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Hammond, D.;Fong, G. T.;Cummings, K. M.
通讯作者：
Cummings, K. M.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Thornton, Judith;Edwards, Richard;Kelly, Simon P.
通讯作者：
Kelly, Simon P.