Children and Careers: How Family Size Affects Parents' Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run.
Children and Careers: How Family Size Affects Parents' Labor Market Outcomes in the Long Run.
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DOI：
10.1007/s13524-017-0612-0
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发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Strøm M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cools S;Markussen S;Strøm M
我们使用挪威行政登记数据中的工具变量估计，估计了家庭规模对整个职业生涯直至退休期间劳动力市场结果各种指标的影响。父母的子女数量是用他们头两个孩子的性别组合来衡量的。我们发现，多生孩子会导致女性劳动力供应的大幅减少，随着孩子的成熟，这种减少会逐渐消失，甚至对没有大学学位的女性来说也会变得积极。有证据表明，在拥有大学学位的妇女中，家庭规模对职业的影响持续存在，甚至越来越大。多生孩子降低了这些妇女被高薪公司雇用的可能性，降低了她们在雇用公司中的收入排名，也降低了她们成为工作场所最高收入者的可能性。一些职业效应在劳动力供应恢复后仍会持续很长时间。我们发现，无论是在短期还是长期，家庭规模对男性劳动力市场的任何结果都没有影响。本文的在线版本（10.1007/s13524-017-0612-0）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
We estimate the effect of family size on various measures of labor market outcomes over the whole career until retirement, using instrumental variables estimation in data from Norwegian administrative registers. Parents’ number of children is instrumented with the sex mix of their first two children. We find that having additional children causes sizable reductions in labor supply for women, which fade as children mature and even turn positive for women without a college degree. Among women with a college degree, there is evidence of persistent and even increasing career penalties of family size. Having additional children reduces these women’s probability of being employed by higher-paying firms, their earnings rank within the employing firm, and their probability of being the top earner at the workplace. Some of the career effects persist long after labor supply is restored. We find no effect of family size on any of men’s labor market outcomes in either the short or long run. The online version of this article (10.1007/s13524-017-0612-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
9.1
作者：
Budig, MJ;England, P
通讯作者：
England, P
影响因子：
13.7
作者：
BENPORATH, Y;WELCH, F
通讯作者：
WELCH, F
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Cruces, Guillermo;Galiani, Sebastian
通讯作者：
Galiani, Sebastian
DOI：
10.2307/2696183
发表时间：
2001-10-01
期刊：
INDUSTRIAL & LABOR RELATIONS REVIEW
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bertrand, M;Hallock, KF
通讯作者：
Hallock, KF
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Adda, Jerome;Dustmann, Christian;Stevens, Katrien
通讯作者：
Stevens, Katrien