Arsenophonus symbiosis with louse flies: multiple origins, coevolutionary dynamics, and metabolic significance
Arsenophonus symbiosis with louse flies: multiple origins, coevolutionary dynamics, and metabolic significance
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Arsenophonus 与虱蝇共生：多重起源、共同进化动力学和代谢意义
DOI：
10.1101/2023.07.13.548870
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ríhová J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ríhová J
Arsenophonusis 是一种广泛存在的昆虫共生体，其生活策略从寄生到专性共生各不相同。在仅以脊椎动物血液为生的昆虫中，互利的Arsenophonus品系被认为可以提供昆虫宿主饮食中缺少的B族维生素。河马科（Hippobscidae）是与采采蝇相关的专性吸血动物，此前曾被认为在几个独立事件中获得了砷中毒共生体。基于对 11 种河马科相关菌株（其中 9 种是新组装的）的比较基因组分析，我们揭示了它们的广泛基因组特征和系统发育关系。系统发育模式和基因组特征将菌株分为两种不同的类型。七个菌株表现出专性共生体的特征，具有显着减少的基因组和长的系统发育分支。其余四种菌株聚集在短枝上，它们的基因组类似于自由生活的细菌或兼性共生体。系统发育位置和基因组特征都表明，河马科-Arsenophonus 关联的进化史是具有至少四个独立起源的短期共同进化的混合物。跨可用Arsenophonus基因组重建B族维生素途径的比较方法产生了两种模式。一方面，它表明个体 B 族维生素在宿主-共生体相互作用中的不同重要性。虽然某些物质（核黄素、泛酸和叶酸）似乎是由所有与河马科相关的专性共生体合成的，但其他物质（硫胺素、烟酰胺和钴胺素）的途径大多缺失。另一方面，广泛的比较产生了可作为进一步评估通路完整性和功能性的基础的模式。 重要性仅以脊椎动物血液为食的昆虫利用共生细菌作为必需化合物（例如 B 族维生素）的来源。在虱蝇中，最常见的共生体起源于砷甲属，已知的昆虫种类繁多。在这里，我们分析了 11 个与虱蝇相关的砷毒菌株的基因组特征、系统发育起源和代谢能力。我们发现，在虱蝇中，Arsenophonus 在至少四个独立事件中建立了共生，达到了共生的不同阶段。这使得可以进行比较基因组分析，包括代谢能力的收敛。结果的意义是双重的。首先，基于对独立起源的Arsenophonus共生体的比较，确定了单个B族维生素对昆虫宿主的重要性。这扩展了我们对昆虫-细菌共生的理论见解。第二个结果具有方法论意义。我们表明，比较方法揭示了基于单基因组分析难以识别的伪影。
Arsenophonusis a widespread insect symbiont with life strategies that vary from parasitism to obligate mutualism. In insects living exclusively on vertebrate blood, mutualisticArsenophonusstrains are presumed to provide B vitamins missing in the insect host diet. Hippoboscidae, obligate blood feeders related to tsetse flies, have been previously suggested to have acquiredArsenophonussymbionts in several independent events. Based on comparative genomic analyses of 11 Hippoboscidae-associated strains, 9 of them newly assembled, we reveal a wide range of their genomic characteristics and phylogenetic affiliations. Phylogenetic patterns and genomic traits split the strains into two different types. Seven strains display characteristics of obligate mutualists with significantly reduced genomes and long phylogenetic branches. The remaining four strains cluster on short branches, and their genomes resemble those of free-living bacteria or facultative symbionts. Both phylogenetic positions and genomic traits indicate that evolutionary history of the Hippoboscidae-Arsenophonusassociations is a mixture of short-term coevolutions with at least four independent origins. The comparative approach to a reconstruction of B vitamin pathways across the availableArsenophonusgenomes has produced two kinds of patterns. On one hand, it indicates the different importance of individual B vitamins in the host-symbiont interaction. While some (riboflavin, pantothenate, and folate) seem to be synthesized by all Hippoboscidae-associated obligate symbionts, pathways for others (thiamine, nicotinamide, and cobalamin) are mostly missing. On the other hand, the broad comparison has produced patterns that can serve as bases for further assessments of the pathways’ completeness and functionality.IMPORTANCEInsects that live exclusively on vertebrate blood utilize symbiotic bacteria as a source of essential compounds, e.g., B vitamins. In louse flies, the most frequent symbiont originated in genusArsenophonus, known from a wide range of insects. Here, we analyze genomic traits, phylogenetic origins, and metabolic capacities of 11Arsenophonusstrains associated with louse flies. We show that in louse flies,Arsenophonusestablished symbiosis in at least four independent events, reaching different stages of symbiogenesis. This allowed for comparative genomic analysis, including convergence of metabolic capacities. The significance of the results is twofold. First, based on a comparison of independently originatedArsenophonussymbioses, it determines the importance of individual B vitamins for the insect host. This expands our theoretical insight into insect-bacteria symbiosis. The second outcome is of methodological significance. We show that the comparative approach reveals artifacts that would be difficult to identify based on a single-genome analysis.
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影响因子：
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