Neuroscience. The strength of electrical synapses.

Neuroscience. The strength of electrical synapses.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1213894
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发表时间:
2011-10-21
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Hestrin S
Hestrin S
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hestrin S

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电突触有着丰富而有时颇具争议的历史。在20世纪早期,哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)信号传导的主要模式是化学突触还是电突触,这个问题引起了激烈的争论。然而,在20世纪50年代初发现神经元抑制后,人们接受了通过神经递质分子(化学突触)传递信息是中枢神经系统神经元之间信号传导的主要形式。尽管人们一致认为电突触存在于神经元连接的一个子集中,但尚不清楚这些突触是否像大多数化学突触那样具有选择性和可塑性,或者神经元活动是否会导致哺乳动物中枢神经系统中电突触的突触强度的长期变化。在本期杂志的第389页,Haaset等人论证了哺乳动物大脑丘脑特定神经元之间的电突触强度影响长期抑郁(LTD),这是一个对学习和记忆很重要的过程。鉴于电突触在同步神经元活动中所起的作用,这些发现提出了一种控制神经元活动协调的机制。
Electrical synapses have a rich and sometimes controversial history. During the early 20th century, the question of whether chemical or electrical synapses underlie the main mode of signaling in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) was hotly debated . However, after the discovery of neuronal inhibition in the early 1950s, it was accepted that transmission of information via neurotransmitter molecules (chemical synapses) represents the major form of signaling among CNS neurons. Although a consensus developed that electrical synapses are present in a subset of neuronal connections, it was unknown whether these synapses exhibit selectivity and plasticity as shown for most chemical synapses, or whether neuronal activity can result in long-term change of synaptic strength of electrical synapses in the mammalian CNS. On page 389 of this issue, Haaset al.demonstrate that the strength of electrical synapses among specific neurons in the thalamus of the mammalian brain affects long-term depression (LTD), a process important for learning and memory. Given the proposed role that electrical synapses play in synchronizing neuronal activity, these findings suggest a mechanism for controlling the coordination of neuronal activity.
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