A new angle on odor trail tracking.
A new angle on odor trail tracking.
复制标题
气味追踪的新视角。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2121332119
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发表时间：
2022-01-18
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Murthy VN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jayakumar S;Murthy VN
蚂蚁、老鼠和狗经常利用表面的气味痕迹来建立导航路线或寻找食物和伴侣，但人们对它们的跟踪策略仍然知之甚少。基于趋化性的策略无法解释铸造，铸造是在与踪迹持续失去接触时执行的大幅度振荡的特征序列。我们认为，追踪动物有一种内在的、几何的连续性概念，使它们能够利用过去与踪迹的接触来形成对其前进方向的估计。这种估计及其不确定性形成了一个有角度的扇区，而出现的搜索模式类似于“扇区搜索”。经过训练执行扇区搜索的强化学习代理概括了实验观察到的跟踪行为的各个阶段。我们利用聚合物物理学的思想来制定踪迹的统计描述，并表明搜索几何对动物跟踪踪迹的速度施加了基本限制。通过将轨迹跟踪制定为贝尔曼型顺序优化问题，我们量化了最佳扇区搜索策略的几何元素，有效地解释了为什么以及何时需要进行铸造。我们提出了一组实验来推断跟踪动物如何获取、整合和响应跟踪轨迹上的过去信息。更一般地说，我们定义与动物和仿生机器人相关的导航策略，并将踪迹跟踪制定为学习、记忆和规划的行为范例。
Ants, mice, and dogs often use surface-bound scent trails to establish navigation routes or to find food and mates, yet their tracking strategies remain poorly understood. Chemotaxis-based strategies cannot explain casting, a characteristic sequence of wide oscillations with increasing amplitude performed upon sustained loss of contact with the trail. We propose that tracking animals have an intrinsic, geometric notion of continuity, allowing them to exploit past contacts with the trail to form an estimate of where it is headed. This estimate and its uncertainty form an angular sector, and the emergent search patterns resemble a “sector search.” Reinforcement learning agents trained to execute a sector search recapitulate the various phases of experimentally observed tracking behavior. We use ideas from polymer physics to formulate a statistical description of trails and show that search geometry imposes basic limits on how quickly animals can track trails. By formulating trail tracking as a Bellman-type sequential optimization problem, we quantify the geometric elements of optimal sector search strategy, effectively explaining why and when casting is necessary. We propose a set of experiments to infer how tracking animals acquire, integrate, and respond to past information on the tracked trail. More generally, we define navigational strategies relevant for animals and biomimetic robots and formulate trail tracking as a behavioral paradigm for learning, memory, and planning.
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