Hydrological benefits of restoring wildfire regimes in the Sierra Nevada persist in a warming climate

Hydrological benefits of restoring wildfire regimes in the Sierra Nevada persist in a warming climate
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在气候变暖的情况下,恢复内华达山脉野火状况的水文效益仍然存在

DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125808
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6.4
通讯作者:
Thompson, Sally
Thompson, Sally
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rakhmatulina, Ekaterina;Boisramé, Gabrielle;Stephens, Scott L.;Thompson, Sally

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降低野火风险和提高山区集水区供水安全都是美国西部的当务之急。由于森林覆盖减少导致蒸腾作用和火灾危险减少,这些目标可能具有协同作用。基于优胜美地国家公园伊利卢埃特溪盆地 (ICB) 的数据和建模工作表明,这些政策通过景观规模森林覆盖和结构的巨大变化,减少了火灾危险,并增加了年径流产量。该地区自 1972 年以来一直实施用火政策来恢复野火。然而,在美国西部扩大用火战略将意味着森林覆盖和结构的任何此类变化都将在 21 世纪中叶发生,火灾频率和气候条件与 ICB 迄今为止所经历的不同。因此,了解火灾的水文效益是否对气候和火灾频率的预期变化敏感非常重要。在这里,我们强制使用先前为 ICB 开发的生态水文学模型,其中包含一系列缩小规模的未来气候预测,以评估气候变化和火灾使用策略对 ICB 水文的影响。我们发现,在观测到的气候和预测的未来气候下,火灾对水文的影响是可比的,并且对火灾后植被演替轨迹的重大不确定性基本上不敏感。虽然预计火灾频率的增加会导致流域水文发生微小变化,但更频繁的火灾的主要影响是导致流域更快地达到水文变化峰值。
Reducing the risk of wildfire and increasing the security of water supply from mountain catchments are both urgent priorities in the Western US. These goals may be synergistic, thanks to the reductions in transpiration and fire hazard associated with reducing forest cover. Data and modeling efforts based on the Illilouette Creek Basin (ICB) in Yosemite National Park, where fire use policies have been implemented to restore wildfire since 1972, suggest that these policies reduced fire hazards and increased annual streamflow production through large changes to landscape-scale forest cover and structure. Expanding fire use strategies through the Western US, however, would mean that any such changes in forest cover and structure would occur in the middle of the 21st century, under different fire frequency and climate conditions than experienced in the ICB to date. It is therefore important to understand if hydrological benefits of fire use are sensitive to anticipated changes in climate and fire frequency. Here, we force an ecohydrological model previously developed for the ICB with an ensemble of downscaled future climate predictions to assess the impacts of climate change and fire use strategies on the hydrology of the ICB. We find that the hydrological impacts of fire use are comparable under observed climate and projected future climates, and are largely insensitive to the significant uncertainties regarding post-fire successional trajectories for vegetation. While expected increases in fire frequency cause minor changes in the basin hydrology, the main impact of more frequent fires is to cause the basin to reach peak hydrological change more rapidly.
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