Watersheds dynamics following wildfires: Nonlinear feedbacks and implications on hydrologic responses
Watersheds dynamics following wildfires: Nonlinear feedbacks and implications on hydrologic responses
复制标题
野火后的流域动态：非线性反馈及其对水文响应的影响
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.13568
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
E. Siirila‐Woodburn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Maina;E. Siirila‐Woodburn
近年来，美国西部野火发生的频率和规模越来越大。加州的气候变化情景预测了长期的干旱，更有可能出现野火。内华达州山脉提供了加州70%的水资源，但野火将如何影响流域尺度的水文是高度不确定的。在这项工作中，我们评估野火扰动对流域水动力学的影响，使用基于物理的综合水文模型在高性能计算框架。一个有代表性的加利福尼亚州的分水岭，Cosumnes河，是用来证明如何postwildfire条件影响水和能量平衡。高分辨率模型的结果显示了野火发生后的反直觉反馈，并使我们能够确定对野火条件最敏感的区域以及受影响最严重的水文过程。例如，尽管在火灾后模拟中蒸散量通常会减少，但由于烧伤疤痕及其附近的地表水径流模式发生变化，某些地区的蒸散量会增加。在火灾后的模拟中，火灾后的条件也会产生更大的冬季积雪和随后更大的夏季径流以及地下水储存。干湿水年之间的比较表明，气候是控制时间的主要因素，在一些水文过程发生（如积雪），而postwildfire的变化，其他指标（如流量）显示季节性依赖的影响，主要是由于融雪的时间，说明整个内华达州-中央谷接口的水文过程的综合性质。
In recent years, wildfires in the western United States have occurred with increasing frequency and scale. Climate change scenarios in California predict prolonged periods of droughts with even greater potential for conditions amenable to wildfires. The Sierra Nevada Mountains provide 70% of water resources in California, yet how wildfires will impact watershed‐scale hydrology is highly uncertain. In this work, we assess the impacts of wildfires perturbations on watershed hydrodynamics using a physically based integrated hydrologic model in a high‐performance‐computing framework. A representative Californian watershed, the Cosumnes River, is used to demonstrate how postwildfire conditions impact the water and energy balance. Results from the high‐resolution model show counterintuitive feedbacks that occur following a wildfire and allow us to identify the regions most sensitive to wildfires conditions, as well as the hydrologic processes that are most affected. For example, whereas evapotranspiration generally decreases in the postfire simulations, some regions experience an increase due to changes in surface water run‐off patterns in and near burn scars. Postfire conditions also yield greater winter snowpack and subsequently greater summer run‐off as well as groundwater storage in the postfire simulations. Comparisons between dry and wet water years show that climate is the main factor controlling the timing at which some hydrologic processes occur (such as snow accumulation) whereas postwildfire changes to other metrics (such as streamflow) show seasonally dependent impacts primarily due to the timing of snowmelt, illustrative of the integrative nature of hydrologic processes across the Sierra Nevada‐Central Valley interface.
加拿大落基山脉针叶林覆盖对辐射和融雪动态的影响
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Ellis C
通讯作者：
Ellis C