Precipitation chemistry and atmospheric nitrogen deposition at a rural site in Beijing, China
Precipitation chemistry and atmospheric nitrogen deposition at a rural site in Beijing, China
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中国北京农村地区的降水化学和大气氮沉降
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117253
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发表时间：
2020-02
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Zhang Fusuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu Wen;Wen Zhang;Shang Bo;Dore Anthony J.;Tang Aohan;Xia Xiaoping;Zheng Aihua;Han Mengjuan;Zhang Lin;Zhao Yuanhong;Zhang Guozhong;Feng Zhaozhong;Liu Xuejun;Zhang Fusuo
降水化学和大气氮沉降因其与大气质量和生态系统的密切关系而备受关注。然而，在北京农村地区的降水和氮沉降通量的化学组成的评估，迄今为止很少受到关注。本文介绍了水溶性离子的化学组成、可能来源和湿沉降通量2017-2018年北京市西北部农村降水样品中NH 4+、NO3-、SO 42-、Cl-、Na+、K+、Ca 2+、Mg 2+的含量;与此同时，还定量了活性氮物质（气态氨、二氧化氮、硝酸和颗粒（p）NH 4+和NO3−）的干沉降。在这2年期间，体积加权平均（VWM）的pH值的降水为6.73，所有样品的pH值均高于6.0。降水的VWM电导率和所有测量离子的平均总和分别为43.8 μS cm− 1和591.9 μeq L−1，表明大气污染的显著影响。Ca ~（2+）和NH ~（4+）是中和降水酸度的主要离子。正矩阵因子分析进一步证实了五个来源的水溶性离子，包括海盐老化，二次形成，农业，地壳，生物质燃烧。NH 4+、NO3-和总无机氮的年平均湿氮沉降量分别为4.6、3.4和8.0 kg N ha− 1 yr − 1。总的干氮沉降以气态氨为主（11.5 kg N ha− 1 yr −1）。总氮沉降量（湿加干）为27.7 kg N ha− 1 yr −1，其中干沉降占75%，湿沉降占25%。GEOS-Chem模型的模拟结果表明，农业（化肥使用和畜牧业）和非农业来源（工业，发电厂和运输）都是氮沉降总量的重要贡献者。研究结果可为北京市污染物排放控制政策的制定和评价提供参考。
Precipitation chemistry and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are of great concern worldwide due to their close relationships with air quality and impacts on ecosystems. However, evaluation of the chemical composition of precipitation and N deposition flux in rural areas of Beijing has received little attention to date. This paper presents the chemical constituents, possible sources and wet deposition fluxes of water-soluble ions (NH4+, NO3−, SO42−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) in precipitation samples collected during 2017–2018 at a rural site located at northwest of Beijing city; meanwhile, dry deposition of reactive N species (gaseous ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid, and particulate (p) NH4+and NO3−) were also quantified. During this 2-year period, the volume-weighted mean (VWM) pH of precipitation was 6.73, and all samples had pH values above 6.0. The VWM electric conductivity of precipitation and the mean sum of all measured ions was 43.8 μS cm−1and 591.9 μeq L−1, respectively, indicating a significant impact of atmospheric pollution. Ca2+and NH4+were the dominant neutralizing species for precipitation acidity. Positive matrix factorization analysis further confirmed five sources for water-soluble ions, including sea salt aging, secondary formation, agriculture, crust, and biomass burning. The annual mean wet N deposition was 4.6, 3.4 and 8.0 kg N ha−1yr−1for NH4+, NO3−and total inorganic N, respectively. The total dry N deposition was dominated by gaseous ammonia (11.5 kg N ha−1yr−1). The total N deposition (wet plus dry) was 27.7 kg N ha−1yr−1, where dry deposition contributed to 75% and wet deposition 25% of the total. The simulations from the GEOS-Chem model indicate that agricultural (fertilizer use and livestock) and nonagricultural sources (industry, power plant, and transportation) are both important contributors to total N deposition. These results could be useful in evaluating/developing emission control policies to protect the eco-environment in Beijing.
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