Sedentary songbirds maintain higher prevalence of haemosporidian parasite infections than migratory conspecifics during seasonal sympatry.
Sedentary songbirds maintain higher prevalence of haemosporidian parasite infections than migratory conspecifics during seasonal sympatry.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0201563
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Atwell JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Slowinski SP;Fudickar AM;Hughes AM;Mettler RD;Gorbatenko OV;Spellman GM;Ketterson ED;Atwell JW
长距离的迁徙会影响迁徙动物的生理、行为和健康状况，并从根本上改变它们与寄生虫的相互作用。几个假说有关迁移行为的可能性寄生已进入文献，作出相互矛盾的，可检验的预测。为了评估如何迁移行为的主机与寄生虫，我们比较了血孢子虫寄生虫感染的两个密切相关的人群之间的一个共同的北美麻雀，黑眼睛junco，共同发生在共同的栖息地在非繁殖季节。一个种群是定居的，冬天在阿巴拉契亚山脉繁殖。另一个种群是迁徙的，从10月到4月与定居的种群季节性同域，但随后向北飞行（≥ 900公里）繁殖。在冬季开始时，在共享的山地栖息地的野外对种群进行采样，并在将它们限制在圈养的共同环境中直到春季后再次采样。我们发现血孢子虫寄生虫感染的患病率显着较高的久坐人群。在受感染的容科斯，我们发现寄生虫密度（寄生虫血症）之间的定居和移民人口和冬季休眠的寄生虫没有证据。我们的研究结果表明，长距离迁移可能会降低寄生虫感染的流行在人口水平。我们的研究结果与迁移暴露假说不一致，该假说认为长距离迁移增加了宿主对不同寄生虫的暴露，并且与迁移易感性假说不一致，该假说认为免疫功能和迁移之间的权衡增加了宿主对寄生虫的易感性。然而，我们的研究结果是一致的迁移淘汰假说，假定严重感染的动物是不太可能生存的长途迁移，并与迁移逃逸假说，假定长途迁移允许宿主种群季节性地逃离高感染风险的地区。
Long-distance migrations influence the physiology, behavior, and fitness of migratory animals throughout their annual cycles, and fundamentally alter their interactions with parasites. Several hypotheses relating migratory behavior to the likelihood of parasitism have entered the literature, making conflicting, testable predictions. To assess how migratory behavior of hosts is associated with parasitism, we compared haemosporidian parasite infections between two closely related populations of a common North American sparrow, the dark-eyed junco, that co-occur in shared habitats during the non-breeding season. One population is sedentary and winters and breeds in the Appalachian Mountains. The other population is migratory and is found in seasonal sympatry with the sedentary population from October through April, but then flies (≥ 900 km) northwards to breed. The populations were sampled in the wild on the shared montane habitat at the beginning of winter and again after confining them in a captive common environment until the spring. We found significantly higher prevalence of haemosporidian parasite infections in the sedentary population. Among infected juncos, we found no difference in parasite densities (parasitemias) between the sedentary and migrant populations and no evidence for winter dormancy of the parasites. Our results suggest that long-distance migration may reduce the prevalence of parasite infections at the population level. Our results are inconsistent with the migratory exposure hypothesis, which posits that long-distance migration increases exposure of hosts to diverse parasites, and with the migratory susceptibility hypothesis, which posits that trade-offs between immune function and migration increase host susceptibility to parasites. However, our results are consistent with the migratory culling hypothesis, which posits that heavily infected animals are less likely to survive long-distance migration, and with the migratory escape hypothesis, which posits that long-distance migration allows host populations to seasonally escape areas of high infection risk.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.2307
发表时间：
2018-01-31
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Hahn, Steffen;Bauer, Silke;Buttemer, William A.
通讯作者：
Buttemer, William A.
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Bensch, Staffan;Hellgren, Olof;Perez-Tris, Javier
通讯作者：
Perez-Tris, Javier
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Asghar, Muhammad;Hasselquist, Dennis;Bensch, Staffan
通讯作者：
Bensch, Staffan
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Knowles, S. C. L.;Palinauskas, V.;Sheldon, B. C.
通讯作者：
Sheldon, B. C.
影响因子：
1.3
作者：
Beadell, JS;Fleischer, RC
通讯作者：
Fleischer, RC