Prediction, postdiction, and perceptual length contraction: a bayesian low-speed prior captures the cutaneous rabbit and related illusions.
Prediction, postdiction, and perceptual length contraction: a bayesian low-speed prior captures the cutaneous rabbit and related illusions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00221
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Tong J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldreich D;Tong J
错觉为我们提供了一扇了解大脑感知策略的窗口。在某些错觉中，一个表面上与任务无关的变量会影响感知。例如，在听觉和视觉中，连续点状刺激之间的感知距离不仅反映了实际距离，而且奇怪地反映了刺激之间的时间。快速连续地呈现在不同位置的刺激在感知上被彼此吸引。这种效应表现在几种错觉中，其中包括令人吃惊的皮肤兔子，在这种错觉中，只对两个皮肤位置进行的轻拍似乎从一个位置逐渐跳到下一个位置，在这个过程中降落在从未受到刺激的干预区域。在这里，我们提供了一个可访问的一步一步的阐述贝叶斯感知模型，复制兔子和相关的错觉。贝叶斯观察者最佳地将空间位置的不确定估计与刺激倾向于缓慢移动的期望结合起来。我们推测，这种期望-贝叶斯先验-代表了自然发生的刺激，人类通过感官经验学习的统计数据。在其最简单的形式中，该模型包含一个自由参数tau：空间感知的时间常数。我们表明，贝叶斯观察员结合了前和后的dictive推理。定向空间注意力会影响预测-后定平衡，将模型的感知转移到关注的位置，正如在人类中的实验观察到的那样。将该模型应用于多抽头序列的感知，我们发现低速先验比替代的低加速度先验更适合感知。我们讨论了我们的模型相关的触觉，视觉和听觉错觉的适用性。为了方便未来的模型驱动的实验研究，我们提出了一个方便的免费软件的计算机程序，实现贝叶斯观察员，我们邀请调查人员使用这个程序来创建自己的可测试的预测。
Illusions provide a window into the brain’s perceptual strategies. In certain illusions, an ostensibly task-irrelevant variable influences perception. For example, in touch as in audition and vision, the perceived distance between successive punctate stimuli reflects not only the actual distance but curiously the inter-stimulus time. Stimuli presented at different positions in rapid succession are drawn perceptually toward one another. This effect manifests in several illusions, among them the startling cutaneous rabbit, in which taps delivered to as few as two skin positions appear to hop progressively from one position to the next, landing in the process on intervening areas that were never stimulated. Here we provide an accessible step-by-step exposition of a Bayesian perceptual model that replicates the rabbit and related illusions. The Bayesian observer optimally joins uncertain estimates of spatial location with the expectation that stimuli tend to move slowly. We speculate that this expectation – a Bayesian prior – represents the statistics of naturally occurring stimuli, learned by humans through sensory experience. In its simplest form, the model contains a single free parameter, tau: a time constant for space perception. We show that the Bayesian observer incorporates both pre- and post-dictive inference. Directed spatial attention affects the prediction-postdiction balance, shifting the model’s percept toward the attended location, as observed experimentally in humans. Applying the model to the perception of multi-tap sequences, we show that the low-speed prior fits perception better than an alternative, low-acceleration prior. We discuss the applicability of our model to related tactile, visual, and auditory illusions. To facilitate future model-driven experimental studies, we present a convenient freeware computer program that implements the Bayesian observer; we invite investigators to use this program to create their own testable predictions.
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影响因子：
29.3
作者：
DENNETT, DC;KINSBOURNE, M
通讯作者：
KINSBOURNE, M
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Eagleman, DM;Sejnowski, TJ
通讯作者：
Sejnowski, TJ
贝叶斯感知模型复制了皮肤兔子和其他触觉时空幻觉。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Goldreich, Daniel
通讯作者：
Goldreich, Daniel
影响因子：
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作者：
Helson, H;King, SM
通讯作者：
King, SM
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Asai T;Kanayama N
通讯作者：
Kanayama N