Stressors in multiple life-domains and the risk for externalizing and internalizing behaviors among African Americans during emerging adulthood.
Stressors in multiple life-domains and the risk for externalizing and internalizing behaviors among African Americans during emerging adulthood.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10964-012-9778-3
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发表时间：
2012-12
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Zimmerman, Marc A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Estrada-Martinez, Lorena M.;Caldwell, Cleopatra H.;Bauermeister, Jose A.;Zimmerman, Marc A.
长期以来，行为和心理健康结果与经历高水平的压力有关。然而，人们对压力源的性质、压力源随时间的积累以及外部化和内部化结果的风险之间的联系知之甚少。与一般人群相比，非裔美国人在生命早期就开始受到不成比例的压力。将阿格纽的一般应变理论应用于压力研究，本研究探讨了不同类型的压力源是否在非洲裔美国人过渡到年轻成年人的暴力行为和抑郁症状的风险中同样突出。它进一步研究了压力源在不同生活领域积累的影响及其对风险的影响。这项研究利用了一项正在进行的纵向研究的非裔美国人子样本的数据，该研究跟踪了一组604名青少年（53%为女性）从9年级到成年。多水平增长曲线模型被用来研究如何变化的四个生活领域的压力与暴力行为和抑郁症状。我们发现，持续暴露于日常压力和种族歧视压力增加了年轻人暴力行为的风险，并表现出压力源的积累和暴力风险之间的非线性关系。此外，我们发现，暴露于日常压力，财务压力，邻里压力和种族歧视压力增加了抑郁症状的风险，并导致压力源的积累和抑郁症状的风险之间的线性关系。研究结果表明，可识别的压力源，可以持续一段时间，以影响风险在年轻的成年。
Behavioral and mental health outcomes have long been associated with experiencing high levels of stress. Yet, little is known about the link between the nature of stressors, their accumulation over time, and the risk for externalizing and internalizing outcomes. African Americans are exposed to a disproportionate number of stressors beginning earlier in life compared to the general population. Incorporating Agnew’s General Strain Theory into the study of stress, this study examined whether different kinds of stressors are equally salient in the risk for violent behaviors and depressive symptoms among African Americans transitioning into young adulthood. It further examined the effects of the accumulation of stressors in different life domains and their effect on risks. This study utilized data from an African American subsample of an ongoing longitudinal study that followed a panel of 604 adolescents (53% females) from 9th grade into adulthood. Multilevel growth curve models were used to examine how changes in four life-domain stressors related to violent behaviors and depressive symptoms. We found that continued exposure to perceived daily stress and racial discrimination stress increased the risk for violent behaviors during young adulthood, and exhibited a nonlinear relationship between the accumulation of stressors and risk for violence. Moreover, we found that exposure to perceived daily stress, financial stress, neighborhood stress, and racial discrimination stress increased the risk of depressive symptoms and led to a linear relationship between the accumulation of stressors and risk for depressive symptoms. Findings suggest identifiable stressors that can persist over time to influence risks at young adulthood.
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