Metabolic arsenal of giant viruses: Host hijack or self-use?
Metabolic arsenal of giant viruses: Host hijack or self-use?
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.78674
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发表时间：
2022-07-08
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Aherfi, Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belhaouari, Djamal Brahim;De Souza, Gabriel Augusto Pires;Lamb, David C.;Kelly, Steven L.;Goldstone, Jared, V;Stegeman, John J.;Colson, Philippe;La Scola, Bernard;Aherfi, Sarah
病毒通常被定义为缺乏生物体的基本特性，因为它们不具有能量代谢系统或蛋白质合成机制。然而，阿米巴巨型病毒的发现从根本上挑战了这一观点，因为它们具有特殊的基因组特性、颗粒大小以及蛋白质合成某些步骤的酶机制的编码。尽管巨型病毒无法自主复制，并且仍然需要宿主来进行繁殖，但最近在来自许多环境的巨型病毒基因组中检测到了许多涉及能量产生的代谢基因。这些发现进一步模糊了病毒和生物体之间的界限。在此，我们总结了有关细胞代谢途径及其直系同源物的基因和蛋白质的信息，令人惊讶的是，这些基因和蛋白质在巨型病毒中被发现。巨型病毒中描述的代谢基因具有显着的多样性，包括编码参与糖酵解、糖异生、三羧酸循环、光合作用和β-氧化的酶的基因。这些病毒基因被认为是在核细胞质大DNA病毒进化早期或在某些情况下更晚的情况下通过横向基因转移从不同的生物来源获得的。人们认为病毒能够劫持宿主代谢网络。但巨型病毒辅助代谢基因也可能代表另一种形式的宿主代谢操纵，通过扩大宿主细胞的催化能力，特别是在恶劣的环境下，为感染的宿主细胞提供与未感染细胞相比的选择性进化优势，从而有利于病毒复制。然而，迄今为止，这些基因的功能机制仍不清楚。
Viruses generally are defined as lacking the fundamental properties of living organisms in that they do not harbor an energy metabolism system or protein synthesis machinery. However, the discovery of giant viruses of amoeba has fundamentally challenged this view because of their exceptional genome properties, particle sizes and encoding of the enzyme machinery for some steps of protein synthesis. Although giant viruses are not able to replicate autonomously and still require a host for their multiplication, numerous metabolic genes involved in energy production have been recently detected in giant virus genomes from many environments. These findings have further blurred the boundaries that separate viruses and living organisms. Herein, we summarize information concerning genes and proteins involved in cellular metabolic pathways and their orthologues that have, surprisingly, been discovered in giant viruses. The remarkable diversity of metabolic genes described in giant viruses include genes encoding enzymes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, photosynthesis, and β-oxidation. These viral genes are thought to have been acquired from diverse biological sources through lateral gene transfer early in the evolution of Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses, or in some cases more recently. It was assumed that viruses are capable of hijacking host metabolic networks. But the giant virus auxiliary metabolic genes also may represent another form of host metabolism manipulation, by expanding the catalytic capabilities of the host cells especially in harsh environments, providing the infected host cells with a selective evolutionary advantage compared to non-infected cells and hence favoring the viral replication. However, the mechanism of these genes' functionality remains unclear to date.
DOI：
10.3390/pathogens10080935
发表时间：
2021-07-24
期刊：
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子：
--
作者：
de Souza FG;Abrahão JS;Rodrigues RAL
通讯作者：
Rodrigues RAL