The tubulin code in neuronal polarity.

The tubulin code in neuronal polarity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.conb.2018.03.001
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发表时间:
2018-08
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Roll-Mecak A
Roll-Mecak A
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Park JH;Roll-Mecak A

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细胞依赖于其成分的不对称分布来实现稳态、分化和运动。在其他细胞类型中,这一要求比神经元更重要,在神经元中,复杂的结构在过程生长和加工过程中产生,货物被运输到细胞体直径数千倍的距离。微管既作为动态结构元件又作为细胞内运输的轨道。微管是镶嵌聚合物,含有多种微管蛋白异构体,其功能化有丰富的翻译后修饰,其不对称地分布在神经元中。越来越多的证据支持这一假设,即通过微管蛋白遗传和化学多样性表达的组合信息控制微管动力学,力学和与微管效应器的相互作用,从而构成了“微管蛋白密码”。在这里,我们给出了一个简短的概述微管蛋白异构体的使用和神经元的翻译后修饰,并强调最近的进展,了解微管蛋白的分子机制的代码。
Cells depend on the asymmetric distribution of their components for homeostasis, differentiation and movement. In no other cell type is this requirement more critical than in the neuron where complex structures are generated during process growth and elaboration and cargo is transported over distances several thousand times the cell body diameter. Microtubules act both as dynamic structural elements and as tracks for intracellular transport. Microtubules are mosaic polymers containing multiple tubulin isoforms functionalized with abundant posttranslational modifications that are asymmetrically distributed in neurons. An increasing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that the combinatorial information expressed through tubulin genetic and chemical diversity controls microtubule dynamics, mechanics and interactions with microtubule effectors and thus constitutes a “tubulin code”. Here we give a brief overview of tubulin isoform usage and posttranslational modifications in the neuron, and highlight recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the tubulin code.
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